Pope Celestine V

The reader will find an eloquently written book. The author begins his story with Pope Urban II speech at the council at Clermont in 1095. Author states, Urban II called for the recovery of Jerusalem from Islam and the need to aid King Alexious I of Byzantine in order to halt the rise of Islam in the Near East. Phillips takes the reader on the crusaders journey that is fraught with successful and dithering Popes, nobles, and commoners who are rarely able to produce a successful military campaign…

In the Middle Ages the Catholic church had a big political role.The fact that it was based more on politics then faith was something that Geoffrey Chaucer thought was wrong. “The Pardoner's Tale” focuses on greed of the characters and the Pardoner's as they used the church to have money and power, revealing the author's characterization of the people in the Middle Ages. They were really politically unstable and greedy. There was a lot of changes to the way society was. Even though it was a…

The Roman and Han Empires were the greatest empires in history. Both empires showed great military forces, strived in economic trade, and their territories covered vasts amounts of land, yet they both had an unfortunate collapse. Although the Roman and Han empires are similar politically and socially in that there was conflict between the statuses there were also differences. In both Imperial Rome and Han China there was a social unrest during the collapses of the empires. The society of the Han…

expressed the true essence behind a true Christian faith and how to live it. Due to the wickedness he saw in the Roman Curia, Luther dedicated a letter to Pope Leo X because he was surrounded by those doing such wickedness. Luther even writes that “Satan himself should be the pope, for he is the one who appeared to be ruling more than” Pope Leo X…

How the Protestant Reformation Affected Foreign Relations. At a time when the only Christian religion was Catholicism, all of Europe was Catholic. That is until Martin Luther sparked the Protestant Reformation with his ninety-five suggestions on how the church could be reformed. Once Henry VIII decided to divorce Catherine of Aragon and create the Anglican Church, he effectively cut Great Britain off from the rest of Europe. This severing of religious ties with other nations was both beneficial…

In the beginning of the 16th century, Europe went through a major turning point in history, which was known as the Reformation. This event was triggered by the many people that were highly critical of the clergy and even the Church itself. Back in the 13th century, the Church was damaged and questioned upon because of the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism. These two events tie up with the Protestant Reformation and questioned about the authority of the Church. Martin Luther and Zwingli…

The horrors and aftermath of World War I shook European Protestantism to its core. The promises and hopes of Protestant liberalism seen in the nineteenth century evaporated as Europe, seen as the cradle of Christendom, moved beyond Christendom. In this gap, what were once strongholds of Protestantism such as Germany, Scandinavia, and Great Britain witnessed a rise in secularism and skepticism. The theological response to the rise of secularism is seen in the work of Karl Barth, the son of a…

McGrath, Alister E. Reformation Thought: An Introduction. 4th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. ISBN: 9780470672815. The following critique will observe in depth the study from the book Reformation Thought by Alister E. McGrath. The critique will demonstrate that the author, McGrath, looks to talk about the idea, culture, foundation and qualifying surroundings of the Reformation. This book is extensive, which it incorporates the significant players of the Reformation and their religious…

Emperor Charles V was a Spanish ruler and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The painting is of Charles V after his victory at the battle of Muhlberg which won him the Schmalkaldic War, (“Schmalkaldic War (1546–1547)” Encyclopedia.com). Emperor Charles seeked to unite Europe under Roman Catholic but with the rising numbers of Protestants he declared war on Protestantism. Charles V was a failure not only because he failed to unite Europe but because he tried to use religion to control and unite…

List Of Papal Bulls is an incomplete catalog of the Papal Bulls, which were issued by the Roman Catholic Church. The 1452 Papal Bull the “Dum Diversas” Issued by Pope Nicholas V. The first papal bull “to seek out and discover” was issued in 1452 and is known as the Dum Diversas. The document gave the king of Portugal Afonso V, the authority to subjugate Muslims, pagans, and other unbelievers. We grant you [Kings of Spain and Portugal] by these present documents, with our Apostolic…