Pope Boniface VIII

The diversity of baroque is brought out by several factors, political, religious, and social being the major ones. Religion is believed to be the source of this era as a result of the Catholic Church requiring new artistic work. The art used in the church was supposed to draw individuals back to church and reinstate their faith. The visual arts played a significant role in guiding the faithful. For it to be transparent to the illiterate, art had to be powerful, clear and persuasive.…

The main cause of the Thirty Years' War, which lasted from 1618 to 1648, was the rising religious and political tensions between the Roman Catholics and the Protestant Christians. The end of the Thirty Years' War created a number of significant consequences and changed the religious, social, and political ways of Western Europe. The ending of this war created the end of the Holy Roman Empire and the Hapsburg's falling out of power. There were also religious divisions in the country which is very…

that contributed to the development of Protestantism were John Wycliffe who criticized the indulgences, the worship of saints, and the moral standards of Catholic priests; Jan Hus who stated that Christ was the only head of the Church and not the Pope; Martin Luther who taught that the salvation could not be earned by the good deeds; John Calvin who stressed on the significance of the scripture for the Church and the necessity of a moral discipline in the community; etc. (Encyclopedia…

Yesterday at Notre Dame Cathedral, Eastern Synod Lutheran Bishop Michael Pryse and I took part in a service commemorating the 500th Anniversary of the Protestant Reformation. Catholics and Lutheran adherents and others from a variety of Christian denominations joined us. The service included mixed choirs supported by the Basilica’s powerful organ, sincere prayers for Christian unity, and the tangible witness of being together in prayer. In our own way, we were living out ourselves the prayer of…

interpretation and the unfolding of history flowed from a grave misunderstanding of the Trinity’s unity. His misunderstanding was based on the inappropriate use of the philosophical principle of univocity. This difficulty is but one of the many reasons that Pope Innocent III called the Forth Lateran Council. Innocent III was the exemplar of papal monarchy, a mover and shaker of medieval culture that took full advantage of the power invested to him in his office as Bishop of Rome. After eighteen…

In my opinion the key contributions of Lutheranism are the principals that spurred the reformation, allowance of religious skepticism, and the inclusion of all people in the church, and opening the doors for other protestant churches to evolve. I believe these are true contributions of Lutheranism because they are still in existence today and have been the most influential in my life through my experience both in attending Lutheran services but also my Baptist church back home. When Luther…

social structure of feudalism, the only power over the king’s authority was the Catholic Church. The decisions taken by the Church were not questioned by the civilians because they were to believe that these were messages sent by God directly to the Pope. Medieval times were characterized by the lack of authority and the power local lords had to apply the law among their civilians. “Feudalism was not only a system…

by the Pope at Christmas 800 are an influential part of Medieval history. Barraclough (1976) explains the factors in why Charlemagne did not want to be crowned emperor. The reasons lay in the events that were happening in Italy in 800. The first and foremost reason is that the idea of being crowned emperor did not come from Charlemagne at all. It is said, by his biographer Einhard, that Charlemagne would not have attended the service at the church on St. Peters if he had known of the Popes…

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during the late antiquity and the middle ages. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1953. In most of its existence the empire was powerful in economic, cultural and military force in Europe. Both Byzantine Empire and…

The word, light, means a few things, such as to begin or accept views that differ from others, or to clarify, and sometimes to discover. In the 15th-17th centuries, people had no problem exploring and toying with new ideas, feelings, and views, although sometimes people opposed to change tried to stop this growth. These people, the ones whom very early on, accepted change, pushed for it, and helped it grow, are the ones whom we owe our modern, well structured life to today. In the old times, it…