Pope Alexander VI

A member of a group of Protestants that arose in the 16th Century within the Church of England, demanding the simplification of doctrine and worship, and greater strictness in religious discipline: during part of the 17th Century the Puritans became a powerful political party. Puritans were the names given to members of a church. The puritan colonists believed that the Church of England, also known as The Anglican Church, should make more reforms to remove all the traces and trappings of the…

conflicts can be seen as early as the Carolingian dynasty after Pope Stephen II recognized Pepin the Short as King of the Franks. The Carolingians saw themselves as saviors of the Christian Gaul, yet they would ransack monasteries to pay their soldiers. Pepin the Short then gave power to his son, Charlemagne, who was truly concerned with education, government, and religion. Shortly after his rise to power Charlemagne was crowned Augustus by Pope Leo III, and by taking this title the Carolingian…

moved to Latin to distribute the Theses. They also pushed through printing presses in all the major nations. Among other things, Luther’s Theses would call into question the limits of the pope’s authority. Particularly, Luther questioned whether the pope could remit guilt of sin and whether it was possible to grant anyone the remission of all penalties. The “Ninety-Five Theses” had asked questions and brought up points of contention that many had wanted to ask, but few had dared to. Luther was…

way these leaders went about reform was all based with their proximity to power and how radical they were, some wanted a reform from the bottom up (most radical), some wanted it from the Crown, and some just wanted to sit and a have coffee with the Pope and dissolve the issues that way. Whatever their method and reasoning was their effectiveness came from, the sum of all the different observations and interpretations of scripture. This movement put pressure on an institution that was suppose to…

• Architectural Design St. Peter’s in Rome was rebuilt in the 16th century, and it replaced a very old basilican structure. St. Peters was built under the supervision of two different Popes, Nicholas V and Julius II. Very little was accomplished under Nicholas’s reign, but the work was completed under Julius’ reign. The work began on Aril, 18, 1506 and the work continued through a succession of architects: Bramante, Raphael, Peruzzi, and Sangallo which all made huge changes to the design. Then…

Essay Question Visuality (Renaissance and Baroque) The design of St Peter’s cathedral in Rome underwent a significant evolution from the time it was begun by Bramante at the beginning of the 16th century to the construction of Bernini’s monumental colonnades and oval piazza in front of the cathedral in the middle of the 17th century. During this time a series of significant architects oversaw the evolution of its design in a changing religious context. Maderno’s façade epitomized a key idea of…

Pope Francis is the 266th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Francis’s birth name is Jorge Mario Bergoglio and he was born in Flores, Bueno Aires, Argentina on December 17, 1936. His papal name is in honor of St. Francis of Assisi of Italy. Before becoming a pope Bergoglio got his degree in chemistry and a Ph.D. in theology. In 1958, Bergoglio entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus. Bergoglio was also a teacher and he taught literature and psychology at Colegio del Salvatore and…

The papal bull ‘Unam Sanctum’ by Pope Boniface VII in 1302 was an attempt by the pope to assert papal authority in a time of conflict with the power of King Phillip “the fair” of France. The separation of church and kings had never been completely separate but this conflict brought the issue to the fore. Boniface was attempting to hold on to papal authority in a time when ‘temporal’ or Kingly power was rising and steadily overlapping with the generally accepted spiritual sphere of authority. He…

Monogamy and polygamy in marriages is a very sensitive, and judgemental subject in the modern day but one can argue that in the Roman world, both monogamy and polygamy was no dishonor. Women were “fit” to play the monogamous role, and men to play the polygamous role due to society 's outlook. .The binding upon a man and women in the Roman era was based on their marriage in which did not have to be permanent nor was based on true emotions. The marriage consistently occurred with unfaithfulness…

Following the inceptive imperial coronation of Charlemagne 400 years after the widespread adoption of Christianity (c. 800 AD), the new theocratic government of the Holy Roman Empire was faced with a monumental challenge: reconciling their subject’s god given freewill with law. As the defining institution of the Holy Roman Empire, the religious schemas taught by Church’s became inextricably wound with politics. One by one, laws were enforced with divine benediction, repurposing the already…