Polymerase chain reaction

DNA analysis, also known as DNA profiling, testing, typing, is a process that takes genetic material and evaluates it so that it can identify individuals in a criminal investigation or in use of a forensic application. The beginning step of the performance of DNA analysis on a reference sample or person is the collection of DNA from cells. These cells can come from a blood sample or even swabbing the inside of an individual’s cheek. After it is collected, the samples are then sent to a lab for…

The Bromophenol helped make the progress of making the DNA visible when it is injected in the gel and the EDTA increases the density of the material. The EDTA also helps stoop the DNase reaction If the DNA was fully digested by DNase, it was indicated by the lack of a band. The DNase is was starts the reaction to occur it is the last component added to each test tube that is required…

Discussion When comparing the banding patterns of the crime scene to those of the suspects, the resulting gel indicates that Suspect 2 was at the scene of the crime. Although enzyme 1 produced identical DNA fragments across the gel, enzyme 2 did not. This is evident in lane D and possibly indicates that this enzyme was unable to bind to recognition sites similar to the crime scene DNA in well B. Thus, it produced a DNA fragment smaller in size that travelled further. Since the DNA evidence in…

DNA ISOLATION INTRODUCTION: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolation is an extraction process of DNA from various sources. Methods used to isolate DNA are dependent on the source, age, and size of the sample. Despite the wide variety of methods used, there are some similarities among them. In general, they aim to separate DNA present in the nucleus of the cell from other cellular components. Isolation of DNA is needed for genetic analysis, which is used for scientific, medical, or forensic purposes…

In order to evaluate the efficiency of RAPD-PCR fingerprinting for Cajanus cajan L. cultivar, the DNA templates for 7 RAPD primers banding modality were used. The total number of magnified fragments in the Cajanus cajan L. cultivar value of each primer was represented in Table 2. Total of 18 bands were obtained for all primers. The size of the amplified bands was ranged between 1000 bp and 300 bp. Primers OP-A5, OP-B4, OP-B9, OP-C5 and OP-E15 showed at least three specific fragments. Primer…

The purpose of this lab experiment is to extract chromatin from an animal liver and strawberries. Unlike humans whom are diploid organisms with two sets of each chromosome, one from the mother and the other from the father, strawberries like most fruits are polyploidy, consisting of more than two copies of the same gene. Strawberries are octoploid that have eight copies of each gene, making it an ideal fruit for DNA extraction. Frozen strawberries are ideal because the ice in the intracellular…

DNA samples were extracted from sixteen unidentified shark tissue specimens and underwent PCR amplification of CO1 mitochondrial gene. DNA samples were assessed for presence and quality using agarose gel electrophoresis. Species identification was performed by importing finalized CO1 sequences into two DNA databases to ensure accurate identification. Phylogenic analysis was then conducted to determine relationships between identified species. Electrophoresis Electrophoresis of DNA run in 2%…

Universal First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit (Thermo Scientific, catalogue no-K1661) and consecutively 50 ng of cDNA was used for quantitative real time PCR assay. cDNA was amplified in a thermal cycle (CFX96 PCR system, BioRadLaboretories) in 20 µl reaction mixture containing 0.5 µl cDNA template (50 ng), 12.5 µl Maxima SYBR green/fluorescent qPCR master mix (2X, Thermo Scientific), 0.3 µl forward and reverse primer (100 pmol), 6.4 µl nuclease free water. The details of primer sequences, sizes of…

it is impossible to tell what her paternal haplogroup is without knowing what her father’s paternal haplogroups are, while men have a Y chromosome which makes it possible for their paternal haplogroup to be found. Everyone has Mitochondrial DNA so both men and women can find their maternal haplogroup, however, you will need to conduct a test to find out. To conduct a test, you may need a subscription to Ancestry.com, or pay for 23andMe. When you receive your DNA kit, you will have to provide a…

DNA sequencing (Sanger to NGS) Introduction: The DNA sequencing methods have quickly evaluated for the forty last years and their finding was joined by breakthroughs in the field of Molecular biology (1). The first efficient method to sequencing DNA was found by F.Sanger in 1977 (2). But the huge desire to sequencing genomes required faster methods and many improvements were made. Fluorescence, capillary electrophoresis and microarrays led to a new way for sequencing genes : the Next Generation…