Polymerase chain reaction

The table below shows what colour the solution has turned after Amylase solution and Benedict’s solution has been added to Starch solution at different temperatures. The tests were completed three times each temperature to find an average. This graph resembles the results from the table above. Making it obvious to observe the unexpected results as the temperatures 2, 20 and 27 remained blue then 37 degrees changed to green and 60 degrees changed to orange. This experiment was carried out to…

My plan includes functional group conversions of a benzyl ester Knorr pyrrole using various organic reactions (Figure 3), while using mass spectroscopy (MS), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) to track the development of DHP. After the coupling of DHP into the tripyrrole, I plan on using various starting materials…

The observed colour was orange, which fit the emission spectrum. Few specks of blue were observed, this might be due to the Bunsen burner not being completely cleaned or the sodium not being completely pure. The observed colours match those of the spectrum, and can be accepted as true. The observed colour for lithium was a dark red colour. Lithium’s emission spectrum consists of purple, blue, cyan and red. Few darker specks of blue were observed, possibly from the same substance that made the…

AHHHH CHOO-DOEPHEDRINE Although, originally defined as the chemistry of biological structures, organic chemistry has since been redefined to refer specifically to organic (carbon based) molecules. The hydrocarbon is the very basic molecule of organic chemistry and by adding functional groups to the hydrocarbon we can manipulate the properties of the molecule. Through the manipulation of these organic compounds, organic chemistry can be used to chemically synthesise many products such as soaps,…

Kyle Rohl Chem 3520 Nobel Prize Paper Chemicals in 3D Vision The Nobel Prize in Organic Chemistry for the discovery of chemicals in 3D vision was awarded to Derek Barton and Odd Hassel in 1969. This was the breakthrough in visualizing the way chemicals could be interpreted. Before their phenomenal discovery, people could only think of seeing a chemical such as cyclohexane in its planar, flat, 2D form. What Barton and Hassel found that was different from the universal perspective of this…

Analysis In all of the trials, the tablet pills were the first to dissolve out of all of the types of pills, averaging a time of 2 minutes and 2 seconds. This is due to the fact that tablets have no type of coating over them, so there is less for the acid to break down. It looked a little swelled before it broke apart into powder like pieces. The second fastest pill was the coated tablet and had a mean time of 4 minutes and 22 seconds. The acid has to break through the casing before it can…

What is the percentage of change in Reaction Time as age increases? As people increase in age, their reaction time can change as well, either increasing or decreasing. If kids in different age groups measure their reaction time using a test online, then the percentage of change in reaction time will increase with age. There are an abounding amount of things that can affect how fast or slow someones reaction test time is, along with what happens to your body when it is measured and the process of…

In our experiment, to look deeper into exothermic reactions, we first had to create our own calorimeter. We did this using 3 separate 8 ounce Styrofoam cups, one for each compound. We then used cardboard to create a lid for each cup and taped it to the sides so the seal would be as tight as we could make it. We also needed a 150mL beaker to measure out the 50 mL of distilled water that we used in each trial to dissolve each compound in. To weigh out each compound we also needed an electronic…

temperature affected enzyme activity. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. For this particular experiment, we studied the enzyme catalase, which is found in potatoes. Catalase reacts with hydrogen peroxide to break it down into its water and oxygen parts. Due to the fact that oxygen is a product of this chemical reaction, it can be concluded that the more oxygen bubbles there are, the quicker the reaction is occurring, and the enzyme is very active. For this lab, our goal was…

copper wire and turn it into a metallic copper which is a pure substance. When copper reacts with nitric acid several physically properties can be seen happening for example: the colour changing and gas vapor starting to form. Many of the other reactions were similar to this that I and my partner saw such as: the formation of copper (II) hydroxide, decomposing the compound (CuO (OH) 2) by heating it, adding a different acid compound (H2SO4), and mixing solid zinc. There were several unknown…