Polymerase chain reaction

As a group we have taken two sterile plastic vials and placed a cup of Drosophila medium powder into each one. After adding a cup of the medium with added half a cup of distillated water into the plastic vial, which allowed the medium to dissolve into it. We allowed a few minutes for the media to be absorbed and afterwards we applied a cotton plug to close the entrance to the vial. Anesthetizing the Drosophila flies In the lab, we had the fruit flies already asleep in a green bucket filled all…

For football, the requirement of this sport is not high than glycolysis and oxidative because of the movement. The movement that needed for this sport in ATP-PC energy is sprinting, jumping, kicking, dribbling, passing, catching (keeper) and heading. That the movement the needed for usage of ATP-PC. This energy system is use for high-intensity short bursts which mean it use in short period only and not for long period. For example, the players want to sprint to catch the ball. The phase from he…

The rate at which a reaction takes place can be affected by the temperature, the concentration, the particle size, and by using a catalyst but two that really affect the reaction are temperature and concentration of the solute and solvent. The rate of a reaction is determined by the temperature and the concentration which in this case determine how fast or slow the reaction will occur. In both cases something is being increased, for example, placing solutions A and B in the warmed water…

7. If during the experiment an air bubble leaked into the eudiometer tube while it was being inverted in the water bath than the measured volume of hydrogen gas would be off. Ultimately the measured volume of hydrogen gas would be too high because the gas being recorded would not only include hydrogen gas, but the air that leaked into the eudiometer as well. Because the volume of hydrogen gas would be too high the calculated molar volume of hydrogen would also be too high. This is because to…

If a quantitative solution needs to be prepared, there are a series of steps that must be followed in order to get accurate answers. there are several objects needed to prepare it, including a 500 ml graduated cylinder, deionized water, and sodium phosphate dodecahydrate as the aqueous solution. The first step is to find the mass of the solution, sodium phosphate. In the formula, sodium's atomic mass is multiplied by 3 because there is the original weight times 3 atoms of sodium in the formula.…

The sequence of the reactions employed for the construction of novel indole–benzimidazole-based 1,2,3-triazole hybrids is demonstrated in Scheme 1. Compound 2 was prepared by treating propargyl bromide with 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (1) in presence of potassium carbonate in dry acetone at reflux temperature [26]. Compound 2 was further reacted by heating at reflux temperature with o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) in chloroform for 6 h afforded compound 3. Compound 3 coupled with variously substituted…

This Density of Copper lab was an experiment, which helped to show how to calculate the density of copper while comparing the results of the density of water. While doing this experiment we had to remember the density of water, which is 1g/cm3. However, before trying to find the density we needed to make sure we had the mass and volume. We were given two ways to help find the density of copper and a beaker. I had to first measure the mass of the copper by picking it up and gently placing it in…

The control was the first row for both amylases. At 0 min. neither one had synthesized anything so this served as the starting point. The independent variable was the temperature; this is what was being changed. The dependent variable was the amylase activity; this is what (should have) changed because of the temperature. The iodine was a marker. It showed whether starch was still present in the wells. From the results, starch was present in all the wells; it was present at every temperature and…

have shown inconsistencies within the data. This is evidently shown in figure 2, where the reaction rate at 2°C was 88 mL/min, whereas the reaction rate at 32°C was 83.5 mL/min. The reaction rate was lower at 32°C compared to 2°C which is biologically incorrect. As the optimum temperature of an enzyme is 37°C, the closest temperature recorded to that temperature was 32°C. At this temperature, the reaction rate decreased instead of gradually increasing. This shows that the catalase performed best…

Introduction:The objective throughout the semipermeable membrane experiment was to test the permeability of the caterpillar's intestine. Through this experiment one would be able to observe a transverse of small molecules through the cell membrane. Question: Were starch and Lugol’s molecules able to cross the membrane? Hypothesis: If there is a presence of glucose among the fluids in between the intestine and circulatory system then there is to be a breakdown of starch molecules within the…