Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Types of Spectroscopy used in Organic Chemistry 1.1 Introduction Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light (electromagnetic radiation) (Crouch & Skoog, 2007). It is often phrased as the light of knowledge (Reusch, 2013). In the past, spectroscopy started by the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength by a prism (Anon., n.d.). Now, with the knowledge of light having both wave-like and particle-like characteristics, with given frequency or…

Unfortunately, beneath the flourish of life was the dark discovery of tar sands. Tar, or oil sands are composed of sand, water, clay, and bitumen- a thick, dark, and heavy oil. Because of its viscosity, bitumen needs to be lightened with a mixture of hydrocarbons to transport it through pipes. The mining of bitumen began in 1719 when it was first discovered, and small extractions were attempted in the 1920s and throughout World War II. The first commercial bitumen mining began in 1967. and…

Risk-based Concentration Table, May 2007. Available from http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/ index.htm. Waqas M, Li G, Khan S, Shamshad I, Reid BJ, Qamar Z, Chao C (2015) Application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potentially toxic elements (PTE) accumulation in Tomato. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4432-8 Vinod J, Satish D, and Sapana G (2012). Risk Assessment of Heavy metal Toxicity through edible…

years. Throughout this duration of time, at least 700 000 tonnes of toxic by-products were produced due to smelting and steel production processes. Some of the by-products produced were total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. The toxic by-products were dumped into a tidal estuary that empties into the Sydney Harbour which ultimately lead to the toxins being released into the Atlantic Ocean. …

that causes pollution of the environment. He assists in the insight of the biological and environmental behavior of these chemicals and the improvement method for protecting the environment for future generation. Chemicals such as the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH 's) are able to travel long distances around the globe and do not degrade easily which causes damage to Arctic regions and the colder temperatures of the North allows these chemicals to remain in the Arctic for longer periods of…

However, grilling can also present some types of health risks as two types of carcinogenic compounds which are produced: HCAs (heterocyclic amines) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). These mostly are produced when the fatty meat is in directly in contact with the smoke or flame of the grill and can also be reduced by employing certain techniques whilst grilling. Try selecting leaner cuts as there shall be less…

Understanding individualistic influences on the development of autism Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests as “persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts” (DSM-5, 2013). This is subject to several different situational manifestations, and is also identified through restricted and repetitive behaviours, and trouble developing and maintaining relationships (DSM-5, 2013). Diagnosis generally takes place as early as one year of age,…

In September of 1985 Kroto, Heath, O’Brien, Curl, and Smalley were investigating sources of the long carbon chain molecules in the interstellar medium and how they might be related to soot formation.1 Smalley developed a laser vaporization cluster beam apparatus that allowed for the mass-spectrometric study of stable clusters formed in a helium-entrained plasma produced by a pulse of laser aimed on at a solid target.2 This experimental technique was a very important discovery to cluster science…

Pam Jenkins is the mother of three children and is currently 30 weeks pregnant with her fourth child. Since Pam is pregnant, she will need recommendations and improvements towards her well-being and diet to avoid any complications during and after pregnancy. However, Pam is already showing some concerning habits that can affect the health of unborn child. She does meets with her physician and is concerned she may go through a pre-term labor again. Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy Taking the…

agricultural runoff-delivered chemicals, such as pesticides, herbicides and phosphorus, that their carcasses must be handled like toxic waste”(Bohle, 4). The whales are also associated with the etiology of cancer, which is associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This form of cancer is the must unseen one of all forms of cancer that as ever been sine in humans. “According to researcher Daniel Martineau, the rate of cancer among these belugas is higher than in any population of wild…