Politics of Indonesia

only produced by the flame of trees, but also smouldering peat releasing huge carbon and persistent smoke (Gaveau 2014). Consequently, Indonesia’s carbon stock degradation reaches 217,000 tonnes per year (FAO 2011) Some parties get benefits from Indonesia deforestation like big palm-oil company and small scale farmers because of the lower cost they get in freeing the land than by sustainable method (Howes and Wyrwoll 2012). However, costs of deforestation of course highly affected on local and…

Traffic In Jakarta Have you ever imagined being stuck in traffic worse than New York? If you haven’t, then you’ve never been to Jakarta. The capital city of Indonesia that is home to roughly ten million people has to endure in such distress in their daily commute that has to travel twice less of an average speed in New York said Greenfield. This traffic is greatly caused by the impacted population that the city has to accommodate, the lack of public transportation and the slow-growth of roads…

CHAPTER I 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUND PT Astra International is the biggest independent manufacturing company in south Asia. This company was established in 1957, the company is located in Jakarta, Indonesia before 1990’s, and this company name was PT Astra International Incorporated. There are several types of businesses that were developed by PT Astra International. They developed their businesses all over the world and they are engaged in many types of product and services,…

location. Penang Port has a good network with Thailand and Indonesia and also know as the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT). Malaysia has good network with Thaialnd and Indonesia. (Asean Ports Association Malaysia, 2010), Penang Port can be positioned as a regional transshipment hub and upgraded to be one of the major container ports in the Bay of Bengal. The figure below show the map of IMT-GT. FIGURE1.3 Map of Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle 1.2.1…

hectares of peat lands, of which 83% is located in Indonesia (Wetlands International, 2014). According to Wetlands International, (2014, p. 1) “Peat land is wetlands with a thick organic soil layer (peat) made up from dead and decaying plant material”. However, despite the fact that peat land has an important role in the biosphere, peat land is also one of the most flammable forests in the world. Currently, the worst peat land fire is unfolding in Indonesia. This problem is far from over, with…

Indonesia is one of the very few nations on earth to span such a broad spectrum of world history and human civilization. Indonesia is made up of 17,000 islands (Indonesia, 2002). The population of nearly 220 million people is derived from 300 ethnic groups who speak over 250 distinct languages. Muslim or Hindu, Buddhist or Christian, Indonesians are free to workshop their own faith, provided they adhere to the Pancasila creed, aimed at preserving harmony (2002). Indonesia has the world’s…

Classical Indonesia, although not called Indonesia at the time, began with the early records of the Srivijayan society during the 7th century until the 11th century. In between those centuries, we also encountered the Sailendra dynasty from the 8th century until 9th century. Then, in the 14th century, the Majapahit empire rose to power, and to this day remains as one of the greatest empires of Indonesia. Next, Early Modern Indonesia mainly consisted of the Kingdom of Mataram…

The kingdoms of central Java in the classical and early modern periods are an excellent case study of the general transition to a galactic polity system in Southeast Asia. Although these powerful polities ruled their areas from 1500 to 1800, the roots of these societies can be found in the beginning of the classical period in the 9th century. In Java, an early agrarian Hindu-Buddhist society gave way to the rise of the Kingdom of Majapahit, and later, the Kingdom of Mataram. Through the…

leading to ‘inner knowledge’, or ilmu batin, a spiritual cultivation (Samudra 2006: 217). Many of the practices that come under the rubric of ilmu batin are associated with the Sufi orders, which are closely connected with the spread of Islam in Indonesia (Lee 12). Science, as understood in PGB, is universal and is treated as something nearly tangible. Silat skill can be exchanged, given or taken, kept to oneself or shared, even stolen or destroyed (Samudra 2006: 209). Anyone can in theory…

most countries around the world. Indonesia is one of the world’s most remarkable geographical areas where the various natural and cultural resources offer major tourism attractions. Basically, the Southeast Asian Country of Indonesia consists of more than 17,000 tropical and volcanic islands that straddle the equator between the Indian and pacific oceans. Indonesia is a home to more than 300 ethnic groups with approximately 500 spoken languages and dialects. Indonesia is well known with a unique…