Political science

not, over shadow the female politician’s formation of arguments, her opinions and policies and future visions and that, in itself is a problem. (McIntosh, 2013). It’s a problem because this is over-sexualizing and underrepresenting women in the political workplace. Erika Falk, who is the author of “Women for President: Media Bias in Nine Campaigns”, examines the campaigns and reports of every female candidate. She learned that female candidates were “subjected to quadruple the amount of…

lenses; political economy, liberal, and globalisation approaches (Freeman: 2006, Joppke: 2000, Sassen: 2000). While institutional approaches provide the relevant…

rather than immutable or even identifiable conclusion” (Lewis, 2006). I would define public administration as a complex set of interrelated concepts, it requires judgment and common sense and transference of information; it falls under the legal and political structure, and it is embraced in…

In the summer of 2013, I was overlooking the Panama Canal from its bank, watching some of the largest cargo ships in the world glide through with ease. At first glance, this was all I and the other students I was with saw. Then our tour guide asked us to think about the intrinsic value of the Canal. He illustrated to us the billions of dollars in revenue the Panama Canal brings in every year, the tens of thousands of jobs the Canal provides for Panamanians, and described how the Panama Canal has…

a strategy or plan of action and execute it through specific tactics. The particular strategies developed and the specific tactics used, however, vary widely both among and within political systems. Three factors are of particular importance in shaping lobbying strategies and tactics. One is whether the political system is democratic or authoritarian. Because there generally are few restrictions on interest groups in democratic societies, they have more options available (e.g., hiring…

A human resources policy manual, also colloquially known as an “employee handbook,” is a document which sets the tone for the company’s overall employee relationship philosophy. This document informs employees of the policies and procedures of the company who has hired them and some of their rights and responsibilities to this company (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, & Cardy, 2016; Guerin & DelPo, 2005; Lawson, 1998). There is no particular law that requires an employer to publish a policy manual. That…

in politics as formal institutions. Throughout the article Helmke and Levitsky provide us with similarities and comparisons of both institutions and a definition for each institution. According to both researchers, it is not possible to explain political performance without focusing on both institutions as we can sometimes view them as a cause and effect. For example, an informal institution might develop due to the inefficiency of a formal institution and vice versa. However, informal…

Cultivating Development is an innovative contribution to the ethnography of development.. Mosse’s argument is thought-provoking and serves to provide a helpful bridge between both the popular expectation of development organizations to be comprised of charitable, purely altruistic workers and the critical, post-modern narrative of the wholly politically-driven aid monolith (most influentially driven by the works of Ferguson and Escobar). While Mosse illuminates a portion of development work…

Polity” is an article that explores the possible reasons for the linkage between increasing economic inequality and the lack of political participation within the lower and middle classes. The thesis of this article is to “[draw] individual differences and societal developments into a single account of structured behavior” regarding the aforementioned trend of lack of political activity within those of lower incomes and how increasing economic inequality has affected this. (Soss, Jacobs 96) In…

Historically, religion has played a pivotal role in the development of European Democracy; however, there has always been a conscious effort towards a secular state. Recently religion has become a more salient issue with an increase in the Muslim population, but there remains a perception that religion experiences a decline in importance. Although religious influence might not be explicit, many Europeans still identify with a certain religion and the church still plays a role in policy making,…