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Secularity in France targets the public sphere, the treatment of religious symbolism in French law raises issues of how the maintenance of secularity should go about in a nation, forcibly removing ‘visible religion’ from the public sphere, implies a lack of pluralism in a nation, laïcité then could be considered relatively undemocratic. What exactly was meant by ‘ostentatious’ is a matter of much debate, to what extent must a symbol of religious affiliation be ‘ostentatious’. This year, a 15…

Question 1: The Importance of John Locke’s Theory of Empiricism in Contrast to the Cartesian “Method of Doubt” The Rene Descartes “method of doubt” arises from the dualistic view that the mind is separated from the body. The premise of doubt is found in the weakness of human sensory perception to see the truth outside of bodily functions, especially with the use of the human brain. Therefore, the foundation of doubt is based on the inability of the body to reconcile the mental processes or the…

x Rene Descartes and John Locke, both seventeenth century philosophers, have their own individual views and opinions pertaining to particular subjects such as the origin of ideas. Both of these philosophers attempt to find answers to many of the same questions in epistemology as well as metaphysics. While Descartes is a rationalist, Locke is an imperialist; his ideas come from experience. Locke and Descartes have differing views on various multiple subjects, but both philosophers support…

Descartes thinks that the mind is better known than the body. However I do not believe that is accurate, I believe this because Descartes seems to make a mistake in regards to how the mind and the body are perceived. He thinks that they are distinctly different, and that the mind is better known. This is a false assumption that will be explored throughout the duration of this paper. Descartes famously defended the Cartesian dualist view. This view being that the mind and body are separate. They…

Descartes’ journey through the realm of his mind and his internal exploration of all the things he previously thought to be certainly true, brings him to the subject of the existence of God in his Third Meditation. Before he touches on the existence of God, he concludes that there are three different types of ideas. There are fictional and adventitious ideas which Descartes’ creates on his own and finally there are innate ideas which are present in the mind at birth. With these types of ideas in…

The reading one has chosen to critically analyse is Gilbert Ryle’s Descartes ' Myth. Ryle is attempting here to undermine what he dubs ‘The Official Doctrine’, which is the idea that the generally accepted answer to the mind-body problem is that of Cartesian Dualism, as presented by Descartes in the 17th Century. Ryle refers to the general acceptance as ‘The Dogma of The Ghost Machine’, as the Cartesian theory makes humans out to be just a ghost (mind) controlling a machine (body). Ryle’s main…

Self-rule and independence may seem quite similar, or even the same, at first glance; however, I believe them to be two different things. With the support of Descartes’ Discourse on Method, it is evident that Descartes also agrees that self-rule and independence are quite different: one implies ignorance, while the other implies a knowledge and understanding of principles. I believe that Descartes agrees with the argument that independence implies ignorance and self-rule is knowing certain…

1. Plato’s “The Phaedo” is a book that is centered around the notion of death. The book tells the story of the final day of the philosopher Socrates , so naturally the conversation quickly turns to an analysis of the philosopher’s attitude towards death. Socrates says “he, or any man who has the spirit of philosophy, will be willing to die, but he will not take his own life, for that is held to be unlawful,” and it is here that the discussion begins. Cebes challenges Socrates statement, asking…

The newest development, Supramentis is a process that enables scientist to transfer informational contents from a human brain that has been preserved through cryopreservation, onto computers. Once the information of the former, self-functioning, natural human brain is uploaded onto the computer it is able to mimic thoughts, preferences, and behavioral patterns that the humans that had those brains once had. This simulated consciousness is called the “Nu-Me” and it has abilities to avoid the…

Descartes program of methodological doubt was to doubt absolutely everything. He thought that if all were doing is perceiving how do we know that what we’re perceiving is real when sometimes even our mind makes mistakes. For example, we see things aren’t there or hear a noise that wasn’t actually made or even think we see a family member but it was actually someone else. In my opinion Descartes theory goes very deep into the mind and really makes you think and almost makes you afraid. When it…