Point mutation

up of 46 chromosomes, and these chromosomes carry your DNA. DNA is responsible for how one will look, act, and develop, but with this many cells duplicating, there is a higher chance of a mutation occurring, such as cancers and diseases, which no human being has ever wished to be diagnosed with. These mutations can be dangerous and also very fatal, so there should be a solution for a pain free, healthier life. So, think of a future in which an individual could understand the sicknesses or…

relative to the control, indicating that loss of Parkin indeed decreased DA release. Parkin plays a crucial role in the nigrostriatal circuit that is found to be affected in PD. Physiological analysis for the nigrostriatal circuit in parkin-/-mice point towards a marked impairment in striatal synaptic plasticity(Tohru Kitada et al., 2009). Our physiological analysis for the nigrostriatal circuit in parkin)/) mice indicated a marked impairment in striatal synaptic plasticity. Our physiological…

I will admit before reading Chapter 3 and 4 of our textbook, I never would have linked biodiversity with biological evolution and definitely not with natural selection or what I always thought of as survival of the fittest. However, it does make sense. Biological evolution is the genetic change in a given species over time that leads to modifications in appearance, functioning, or behavior that enable the species to thrive in its natural ecosystem. Such evolution is usually brought on through…

There are three timetables worth looking at in terms of human germline modification using CRISPR method. The first one is the short term; how the technology will affect people and society in the first five years of its implementation. The second one is the medium term; how the technology will have impacted healthcare, society and people in the first hundred years of its implementation and lastly the third one, which is the extreme long term; how the technology will have affected human evolution…

pipette with a used pipette tip (we were required to use a fresh pipette tip for each dilution). Moreover, failure to set the right volume on the pipette counts as an error as well. We were required to wear gloves throughout the experiment, but at some point, some of us touched the pipettes, PCR tubes etc. with our bare hands. Thus, these mistakes might have affected our results. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further researches in order to see whether or not we would have obtained the…

fundamental keys to survival.” (2) The unknown dangers and possible outcomes of altering human DNA is often unsettling to people against genetic engineering. Other arguments against genetic engineering are based on a moral and religious standpoint. Genetic mutation can be seen as ”playing god.” Advocates say that no one has the power to manipulate the almighty. They believe that all humans are born as they were meant to be in the way of god. People also argue that genetic engineering is…

about 1 in 8 million births around the globe. (Arancio, Pizzolanti, Genovese, Pitrone, & Giodarno, 2014). Because HGPS is so rare, it is extremely difficult for research on the biology of this disease to be conducted. The cause of HGPS is due to mutations to the LMNA gene, which is responsible for coding a…

and this number only climbs every year (Skin Cancer Foundation, 2015). Basal cell carcinoma is nothing more than the basal cell growing uncontrollably causing a tumor. This cancer type typically doesn’t metastasize. Usually, BCC stays close to the point of tumor's origin, however, it may still spread to neighboring tissues and systems in rare cases. These cancer cells might have some red patches and look much like an open sore, or a shiny bump. The area might have pink growths, or even scars.…

Mutation in the silencing gene SIR4 can delay aging in S. cerevisiae Gene mutations that affect silencing at HM loci, telomeres and other regions of the chromosome have been shown to relate to stress resistance and aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae is a species of yeast in which goes through asymmetrical cellular division. Its lifespan is measured by the number of cellular divisions the mother cell is able to complete before death. In the research study by Kennedy et al, the…

Randomness and chance are also involved in genetic variation, and both harmful and beneficial mutation. Genetic variation contributes to the diversity of genes in a population.11 For example, eye colour, skin colour, ear shape, hair colour all vary differently in humans.11 The Hardy-Weinberg Principle is a method for geneticists to study genetic variation and evolution. It is a model that predicts the outcome and offspring of a non-evolving population. This model is then compared to an existing…