Plate tectonics

The recent increase in injection induced seismicity is caused by a corresponding increase in wastewater disposal in the central United States. The earthquake rate increase in Oklahoma, where the vast majority of the increase has occurred (585 of 688 M ≥3 earthquakes in the central United States in 2014), corresponds to a doubling of the wastewater disposal rate in the state from 1999 to 2013 (Shultz 2014). Near the town of Prague, Oklahoma, the biggest earthquake ever recorded in Oklahoma…

Titanium was discovered in 1791 by William Gregor as a inclusion of a mineral in cornwall, it was named for the titans of greek mythology. The name is derived from the titans, the sons of earth goddess of greek mythology. Titanium has 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 22 electrons. The atomic number of this element is 47,867. Titanium is a lustrous transition metal. William Gregor was a man who was interested in minerals. He recognized the presence of a new element. The boiling point for this element…

“Fifty percent of the United States of America is underneath the ocean. And we have better maps of mars than those areas”- Robert Ballard. Robert ballard is a natural scientist/oceanographer. He was born on June 30,1942 in Wichita, Kansas. He later moved to San Diego and grew up there through his childhood. Robert Ballard got the idea of being an oceanographer one day by just reading the book called “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea” Following what he loved to do he began working part-time…

Volcanoes exist all around the world. A volcano is a break in the Earth’s crust that produces lava, gases, ash. Some volcanoes are active and some volcanoes extinct and dormant. Magma usually forms 30 to 120 miles beneath Earth’s surface. Most volcanoes are tourist attractions and most people like to climb them and to live near them to produce some heat to there house when the people don't have any heat. Villarrica is located in the country of chile. Villarrica has a 4 star warning and…

Jonathan Apgar Intro to Systems John Small 21 November 2017 Cypress Viaduct Failure Inquiry At 5:08 pm the Point Loma earthquake begins. Within seconds the cypress viaduct begins to vibrate. This is due to the bay clay on which it is built which intensifies the vibrations. The upper deck is insufficiently secured to the lower deck and the areas near the shear keys begin to degrade. As concrete begins to fall away the resonant frequencies cause these weak points (columns with shear keys) to fail…

Introduction Brahmaputra River, the peculiar drainage pattern of large Southeast Asian rivers, reflects a complicated tectonic history of crustal deformation in the Himalaya and river re-organization. In general, the Himalayas are divided into three tectono-lithologic domains: the Lower Himalayas, the Higher Himalayas and the Tethys Himalayas (Amano and Taira, 1992); surprisingly this river flows through over these three domains (Fig.1). The mineral assemblages are correlated with these…

Change is contradictory. Change can be as predictable as the tides rising and falling against the beach. It can also be as unpredictable as an earthquake that splits the ground and swallow homes whole. Many may try to resist the turn of the tide or the rumble of the earth, but there exists no way to avoid the inevitable. In a South Africa divided by apartheid, the old minded tribe struggles to strike a delicate balance with the new white rule with neither side willing to give into the other’s…

Mount St. Helens is an 8,363-ft. tall volcanic landmark of the state of Washington. It was a popular tourist attraction and recreation area for most of the 20th century. It was also The U.S.’s 8th tallest mountain, towering at 9,977 ft. It is now the 14th tallest at 8,363 ft. tall, due to a major eruption in May of 1980. On May 18, 1980, the beautiful, peaceful well-known mountain Mount St. Helens became the most dangerous mountain in U.S. history in a matter of minutes. There are records of…

Lahar is an Indonesian word with its English alternative or equivalent being Lava. That said, it suffices to say Lahar is a volcanic mudflow. That being the case, for a flow to occur, there has to be a slope or a driving force, otherwise it will be stagnant. Because a slope is involved you would expect lahars to be ubiquitous in mountainous terrain. The best case scenario to depict how a Lahar looks like is to picture a mixture of concrete and water moving down a slope at a great speed…

We've always known the horrific damage earthquakes can cause. The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is famously known for destroying much of the city and causing the death of many people. Similarly and more recently the 2010 Haiti Earthquake was a reminder of the awe-inspiring damage natural disasters like earthquakes can do. The 2010 Haiti Earthquake is also an excellent reminder of what kind of harm earthquakes can do if the community effect is ill prepared. This may be a very important…