Plasmodium vivax

The practice of internal medicine in a conflict zone is a unique challenge. In counter insurgency/ counter terrorism (CI/CT) areas, the hostile environment, austere conditions and limited logistics makes the decision making more difficult. There is enough literature available on the role of surgeon in combat zone both internationally and in Indian armed forces1,2, however there is paucity of literature on the role of internal medicine specialists in combat zone 3, 4. This article is aimed at…

over a thousand deaths every day, being possibly the single biggest killer of humans in history. Malaria Malaria is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito infected with Plasmodium Parasites. There are many Malaria parasites but the major ones that infect humans are P. Malariae, P. Ovale, P. Falciparum and P. Vivax. (Mueller et al., 2007) The female mosquito feeds on a human, injecting Sporozoites into the blood which then enter hepatocytes. The Sporozoites…

3. Why a malaria vaccine is required? When microorganism enter the body, the immune system fight these foreign antigens by production of T or B-lymphocytes that produces antibodies, which effectively neutralize foreign invaders. Human body take several days to produces antibodies, while microorganism attack and multiply in the body and produce serious illness before immune system can fit back, this is a reason behind the vaccine manufacturing and development (CDC, 20175; Sarkander et al., 2016;…

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 23.6 million people globally (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators, 2015). The disorder is marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, which typically result in problems related to self-care and general functioning in social and occupational settings (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Despite the first detailed clinical description having been written in 1810 (Haslam, 1810), and…

II. Introduction HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The human body has CD4 (T cells) which play an important role in fighting off diseases and building human immunity. HIV significantly reduces the CD4 count level in the body making the body prone to opportunistic infections and cancer. Unlike other viruses, HIV cannot be completely removed from the body. Treatment needs to be continued throughout life.…