Plasma

depressive behaviors, and less anxious phenotypes (Bravo et al., 2011). In addition to these studies, chronic treatment with Bifidobacterium infantis showed to have similar effects in depression by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing plasma concentrations of tryptophan (Cryan and O’Mahony, 2011). In addition, probiotics have shown potential properties of decreasing inflammatory cytokines, improving nutritional status, and reducing oxidative stress, which has been shown to…

Do you know how many Americans would die each year if they did not receive a blood transfusion? The answer is 4.5 million. If it wasn’t for Charles Richard Drew, an African-American surgeon who founded procedures of strong blood plasma for transfusions, those 4.5 million American would not have the option of receiving the lifesaving procedure. Do you know how many people are diagnosed with cancer per year? The answer to that question is 12.7 million. Which mean12.7 million people with cancer may…

Look up at the night and what do you see? Millions of twinkling lights, also known as stars. Stars are one of the most popular astronomical objects and represents the building blocks of galaxies. A star is defined as a vast ball of gas held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to earth is the Sun. Similar to a living organism, stars have a life cycle in which they are born, they develop and grow, and eventually die. Stars begin as a vast cloud interstellar dust (mostly carbon or…

membrane of beetroot is encased by a cell membrane and a cell wall. When the beet cells are subjected to a range of temperatures if stress is caused upon the membrane then damages will follow in which betacyanin will release through the tonoplast and plasma membrane. This leakage will produce a red color in the water the beet is submerged in, thus as the intensity of colour in the water increases a colorimeter can measure the absorbency of the solution which is the damage done to the beet…

Chosen topic: Vaccination Question: Should the HPV vaccine be compulsory for girls ages 11-20. What is HPV? The human papillomavirus or HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world and the leading cause of cervical cancer. The virus is spread via skin to skin contact and so is developed by 4 out of 5 people in NZ . There are over 100 types of HPV of which they are split into high risk and low risk. High risk types are those that are associated with the development of…

Part 1: adverse reactions 1.1 Introduction (QT prolongation) The toxicity of antipsychotic drugs is considered a good example of specific gender differences in Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in a dose-dependent manner [1]. This adverse effect is induced cardiac arrhythmia known as torsade de pointes (TdP) (delay of cardiac repolarization), are associated with the following drugs such as; chlorpromazine, mesoridazine, pimozide and thioridazone, which increase the risk of QT prolongation. It…

Insoo Cho Dr. Danzi Engoron BI356 Genetics Currently, there are more than 600 genetic disorders known, all caused by defective genes. Genetic disorders result from the accumulation of the harmful substance in the body or from an inability of the body to produce or utilize essential substances that influence development and function. Most of the time genetic disorders are passed down through family, however, sometimes they can also be due to gene mutation caused by a combination of both…

Introduction The purpose of this ABO-Rh Blood Typing Experiment is to identify the individual blood types and observe the reactions between antigens and antibodies. Blood is typed by the presence or absence of a specific antigen/s in the plasma membrane of a red blood cell. Depending upon the antigen/antibody reaction, we will be able to identify the unknown blood types in each of the samples. Blood typing is extremely significant in the world we live in today. If you ever intend on donating…

CELL SIGNALING AND CELL TRANSDUCTION INTRODUCTION: In this lecture, we will study about cell signaling and signal transduction. Each cell in a multicellular animal is bombarded with chemical signals that are made by other cells and this is how communication occurs at cells level by different signaling molecule. Signals that regulate cell metabolism, alter or maintain its differentiated state, determine whether it should divide, and dictate whether it will live or die. The word “signals” in…

The human body is solely dependent on the protection of the immune system from foreign invaders that may cause harm to the body. It also plays a significant role in the development of allergies in which invading substances foreign to the body are identified as allergens, also referred to as antigens, and induce an inflammatory response in either a primary or secondary immune response. Secondary immune responses to allergens directly correlate to the more severe systemic reactions, however…