Placenta

cytomegalovirus, rubella, chickenpox and toxoplasmosis.” (Low birthweight. 2014) · Problems with the placenta. The placenta is the major factor contributing to babies’ weight since the nutrients received are provided through the placenta connected by the umbilical cord. “The placenta grows in your uterus and supplies your baby with food and oxygen through the umbilical cord. Some problems in the placenta can reduce the flow of blood and nutrients to your baby, which can limit your baby’s…

For example, both gestation periods are nine months long and the estrus cycle is the same; lasting an average of 21 days. There are also differences like the type of placenta. Humans have a discoid shaped placenta, whereas cows have a cotyledonary placenta which is covered in cotyledons; 4 rows of approximately 15 per uterine horn. There are many methods employed to detect if a cow is pregnant. Trans rectal palpation of the uterine horns to determine if one…

seem similar. By taking an internal look we may be able to distinguish four adaptations that fetal hearts undergo while in utero. First, we must understand that the fetus receives all blood and nutrients from the parental placenta. The fetus receives this blood from the placenta through the umbilical vein. This is the first adaptation that we see in the fetal cardiovascular circulatory system. While the fetal umbilical cord provides the oxygen-rich blood to the fetus there is an opening that…

twins are considered only nearly identical. Though they are not entirely identical, the twins are always the same gender and so is their blood type. Identical twins have a high risk for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS), or a disease of the placenta that affects twin pregnancies. This causes the donor twin to have decreased blood volume. Another condition they might acquire is schizophrenia, which inflicts fifty percent of identical twins. This type of twin also has “Copy Number…

Childbirth occurs in three stages and are referred to as the first stage, the second stage, and the third stage. Uterine contractions mark the beginning of the first stage and cause the cervix to become effaced and dilated, or thinned and widened to enable the baby to pass through the birth canal. In order for the baby to pass through the birth canal, the cervix needs to be widened to approximately 10 centimeters. The first uterine contractions are not very painful and typically occur every…

Introduction: Cesarean section (often called as C-section) delivery is a type of delivery which, is usually done when the health of mother or baby or both, in certain cases, is at high risk or multiple babes are expected to be delivered. Some other factors also govern the selection of Cesarean section over vaginal delivery such as breech or transverse position of baby, dystocia ,fetal distress, failed labour induction, cephalopelvic disproportion, uterine or amniotic rupture, eclampsia,…

any possible benefit. It is unknown whether or not fluorouracil crosses the placenta. Leucovorin is a Pregnancy category C which indicates that studies have revealed adverse effects on the fetus and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Leucovorin should be given only if the potential benefit justices the potential risk to the fetus because the drug does cross the placenta. Oxaliplatin is a Pregnancy category D which indicates that there is…

There are many risks for a woman who is pregnant. Numerous problems may arise throughout the course of a pregnancies that range from minor inconveniences to potently death. In this article I am going to discuss maternal complications as well as fetal complications that result in a premature delivery. The reasons for the complication and understanding why delivery must take place will also be explored. Lastly we will touch on ways of preventing these complications from occurring. Premature…

Fetal Alcohol research Every year thousands of infants are born exposed to drugs. Some of these babies are born addicted and some premature and some with organ, limb, facial deformities and some with brain damage. Even Small amount of alcohol or drug can put the baby’s health at risk. Drugs can also cause the baby to be born prematurely, have learning and behavior problems, have sleeping and, have speech and language delays. Even over the counter medicine can be dangerous. The number…

Reproduction In this essay I will attempt to explain the key events in human reproduction and explain the male and female reproductive systems. Both males and females require fully functioning reproductive systems in order to conceive naturally, I will first begin by explaining the male reproductive system, the testes are cradled within a ‘bag’ of skin called the scrotum, their two functions are to produce sperm cells and sex hormones. Next, the vas deferens. Sperm passes through the vas…