Placenta

Running head: PLACENTA PREVIA Placenta Previa Monica Cooks Virginia College Jacksonville November 16, 2014 Placenta Previa When a woman finds out she is pregnant, it is probably the most exciting news of the year. It is a treasurable moment and cherished for the rest of her life. The news of a wanted pregnancy spreads from family to peers like wildfire, and the joy is…

and Information: Ms. C is a 20 year old patient, and in early labor at 36 weeks. At 20 weeks, she was diagnosed with placenta previa via ultrasound. At her 34 week visit, another ultrasound was done, and it also showed placenta previa. Although the ultrasound is not infallible, it is very likely that Ms. C has placenta previa. With a vaginal delivery, the mortality risk for placenta previa is 100% for the fetus and 50% for Ms. C. To minimize the risk to herself and her baby, she was advised to…

Placenta percreta is the most severe and rarest form of placenta accreta, with the chorionic villi invading through the perimetrium. It occurs in 5-7% of women with placenta accreta1 but remains a rare occurrence in women with normal placenta.2 This condition is associated with significant maternal mortality rate of 10% due to excessive blood loss3 and morbidities associated with involvement of surrounding structures. This report outlines a case of placenta percreta with involvement of urinary…

selection and placentation (Science Daily, 2014). The study of 150 species of Poeciliidae (Figure 1), describes the morphologies of males in species with placentas. Sexual selection- “special case” of natural selection, which acts on an organism’s ability to obtain, or successfully copulate with a mate, is not exceedingly important in species with placentas (Science Daily, 2014). For instance, guppies, platys, swordtails, and mollies (Figure 2), are apart of the family Poeciliidae and are…

chance of damaging their placenta than women who do not. In the article, “Smoke Gets in Your Placenta”, Dore Hollander addresses that, “Women who had smoked while pregnant (33% of the sample) had a greater likelihood than non-smokers of experiencing placental abruption and placenta previa.” Smoking while pregnant brings bigger risks to damaging the placenta shown in this Canadian study where a little under half of the women were reported to have issues with their placenta. Also, there are…

The placenta adapts extremely well to the fetus not only by size to accommodate growth, but by optimizing nutrients and gas transport to ensure survival (Burton et al., 2012). During short term malnutrition the placenta will maintain fetal growth by autophagy (Alwasel et al., 2010). Autophagy is the process during stress when cells self-destruct for protein degradation…

Fetal circulation of blood is much different than that of newborns or adults because a fetus is still receiving nutrients, oxygen and blood from the mother’s placenta, so the placenta does a lot of the work that later on the lungs will take over. There are also other organs that are not fully developed within the fetus and therefore cannot be used or circulated with blood yet, because of this there are specific vessels that direct blood to other areas that in a newborn and adult will not go to.…

transport of alcohol through the placenta to the fetus can have additional implications. For example, two conditions affecting the placenta have been identified due to this exchange of alcohol; placenta abruption and placental previa.4 Placental abruption occurs when the placenta detaches from a pregnant females uterine wall. Thus, the fetus can no longer receive blood or oxygen from the mother and must be delivered immediately. Placental previa occurs when the placenta attaches low in the…

labor until the cervix is dilated to 3 cm. active labor is continues of cervix dilation to 7 cm, and transition phase is when cervix is fully dilated to 10cm. Labor is the period during which the contractions occur that eventually expel the fetus and placenta from the uterus. The first stage of labor, often called the dilation stage, begins with the onset of regular uterine contractions and extends until the cervix has dilated to a diameter about the size of the fetus’s head. This stage of labor…

Delayed Cord Clamping. Does it Help Your Baby? Delayed cord clamping is a procedure where the umbilical cord is not clamped until after the placenta has been birthed or the pulsations have stopped which could take about three minutes after birth. This increases the blood flow from the placenta to the newborn causing and increase in the baby’s blood volume. Since there is more blood flow that means that there is more iron and oxygen in the baby’s system, which is key for healthy brain…