Placenta

Introduction Malaria is a lethal disease caused by the Plasmodium species that are transmitted to people through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.1 There are 5 known Plasmodium species and among these, the P. falciparum is the most dangerous and deadly.1 According to the latest studies, there are approximately 198 million cases of malaria in 2013 and an estimated 584 000 deaths.2 However, Malaria mortality rates have decreased by 54% in the WHO African Region and nearly 47% globally…

Medical (or Healthcare) Indications: Martinez has a complicated pregnancy; the ultrasound examination showed that she has Placenta Previa; this abnormally invasive placenta is the primary cause of obstetric hemorrhage and postpartum hysterectomy, causing a significant maternal and fetal morbidity and even mortality (Radmila, Ljiljana, Uroš, Z& Tijana, 2014). That is beside, the loop of umbilicus…

The process of labor differs in every woman. Not all women have a natural birth or follow the stages of labor and birth step by step. Labor is an unpredictable process that may or may not happen on the expected delivery date. For example, I had the opportunity to provide comfort when assisting a patient on the day of her delivery. Labor and delivery require support, patience, and hard work from the health care team. Women can have a vaginal delivery or a caesarean. Although, there will be…

Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome Fetal alcoholic syndrome is caused by women who drink alcohol during their pregnancy. Alcohol passes through the placenta and is absorbed by the fetus. Drinking before finding out that they are pregnant still harms the fetus. Approximately 40,000 children each year are born with fetal alcohol syndrome. Statistics verify that 1 in 9 women report excessive drinking of alcohol during their first trimester of pregnancy. Children born with fetal alcohol syndrome are…

when blood clots in the placenta obstruct blood flow in the brain. Maternal high blood pressure is a common medical problem during pregnancy and is more common in babies with a fetal stroke. Maternal infections, or pelvic inflammatory disease, has also been proven to raise the risk of fetal stroke. Lack of enough oxygen in the fetal brain during labor and delivery if the supply of oxygen is cut off for a lengthy period of time, rupture of the uterus, detachment of placenta, or problems with the…

flexible material. What is amniotic membrane tissue? Amniotic membrane is part of the placenta. It is the tissue closest to the baby throughout development in the womb. Amniotic membrane protects the baby from any harm and it has natural therapeutic actions which help the baby develop. This tissue has healing properties that aid in ocular surface repair Where does the amniotic membrane come from? The placentas used to prepare PROKERA® are donated by consenting mothers after cesarean section…

Abortion is an emotional and controversial subject that raises political, ethical and social debates. This issue raises challenging ethical dilemma with regard to the fetus moral status and the moral nature of the act. It also evokes legal concerns on the rights of the fetus and human rights. Abortions evoke many ethical debates and is one of the leading issues in the United States. The debates on this subject have remained vibrant over the years with little change on long held perspectives,…

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - A. production site - anterior pituitary gland B. target organs - female ovaries and male testes C. general effects - females (supports the development of follicles in ovaries, which will then produce estrogen. The follicle will get larger as a result of FSH and will release different estrogen types.) Males (used for the formation of sperm). 2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - A. production site - anterior pituitary gland B. target organs - female ovaries and…

During Pregnancy | American Pregnancy. (2014). Retrieved August 17, 2014.). There are many different types of illegal drugs that produce detrimental effects to the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. Marijuana use during pregnancy crosses the placenta to the fetus and contains toxins that increase carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, which reduces the supply of…

hematopoietic tissue (CHT) that performs the functions of both fetal liver and placenta in mammals, providing transient niche to support definitive HSC expansion and differentiation. Later these HSCs continue their migration toward the kidney serving, like the mammalian BM, as the definitive site of hematopoiesis for the adult life. Definitive hematopoietic stem cell pools emerge from intra- (AGM) and extra- (yolk sac and placenta) embryonic hematopoietic sites. When the circulation is…