Pineal gland

Consciousness is the state of being aware of oneself and environment, during sleep this awareness fades, but does not shut out completely. Licht, Hull & Ballantyne (2014).Consciousness is sometimes equated to being awake and unconsciousness equated to being passed out. There are several different levels of consciousness. These states include wakefulness, sleepiness and dreaming. These are only a few names of the altered states of consciousness. Sleep needs can range from 4 hours to 11 hours per…

The modulatory function of the LHb in depression is intensively investigated by neuroscientists at the moment. The LHb is a structure located ventral in the diencephalon at the stalk of the pineal gland and is thought to be a regulator of monoaminergic brain regions (Geisler et al., 2008). The misregulation of monoamines in the brain is tightly connected to the altered neurotransmission seen in depression, this is known as the monoaminergic theory of depression (Skolnick, 2002). More…

When talking about the ‘soul’, the non-physical essence of a human being, many philosophers will use different words to mean the same thing. Words such as ‘mind’, ‘psyche’, and ‘spirit’ can all potentially be used interchangeably to mean soul. Many philosophers choose not to use the word ‘soul’ as it can have religious connotations, which may not necessarily be wanted when simply talking about the separation between the body and the mind. There are two general approaches to the idea of there…

than are younger adolescents. In fact, her research suggests that adolescent biological clocks undergo a hormonal phase shift as they get older, because the shift was cause by a delay in the nightly presence of the hormone melatonin produce by the pineal gland found in the brain. Many adults don’t get adequate sleep. The average American adult gets just under seven hours of sleep at night. The experts conclude that an increasing of 8 hours of sleep or more per day are necessary for optimal…

and non-endocrine target organs by binding to the cell surface or intracellular receptors. According to Carolyn Johnstone (2014), hormone production and release are controlled by the nervous system and by hormonal feedback mechanisms. The endocrine glands produce hormones or chemical messengers that are secreted into the interstitial fluid, diffuse into blood capillaries
and are transmitted via the circulatory system to target organs. The receptors of those target organs are molecules containing…

towards the cell body. The soma, or cell body, makes sense of the information and works It out. It also triggers the action potential and all or nothing response. The axon is a neuron’s extension that sends messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands. It transmits the Impulse, aka the action potential. The axon terminal, or the terminal button is the end of the axon and it houses the synaptic vesicles, synaptic vesicles, and neurotransmitters which are the…

Hallucinogens are a chemical substance that causes hallucinations. Hallucinations, derived from Latin, álucinari, means to ‘wander in the mind.’ Hallucinations includes all sensory perceptions whether real or not. Psychedelics, Greek derived, translates to ‘soul and mind manifesting’ and are a class of hallucinogens that are useful tools in gaining understanding of how the brain, mind and body works. The study is complex and requires a broad and deep knowledge of the various mechanisms and…

One of the main differences that sets the body and mind apart are the qualities they hold. Descartes sees material bodies as spatial, material qualities, and public, and minds as nonspatial, distinctively mental qualities, and private (Cartesian Dualism). These terms to describe them are opposite of each other which then could explain how it is so hard to connect the mind and body as they are exact opposites. It is hard to see how two things are so different somehow work together. The body is…

Fluorine (F) is just like any other element such as Oxygen and Calcium. However, due to its composition with another element, it is often referred to as, “Fluoride ions” (F-) or simply “Fluoride.” Dietary fluoride is often found in tea and sea food. Nevertheless, it’s common sources are water, rocks, soils as well as the sea. This essay seeks to examine the negative impacts of fluoride. To begin, fluorine causes detrimental effects on the teeth by causing dental fluorosis, which was first noted…

Sydney Flattery Mr. Bennett Science 13 February 14 UV Rays Do you like to be in the Sun? Turns out that the sun isn’t very good for you. Scientists say that about 90 percent of skin cancers are caused from expose to UV rays from the Sun. It has its benefits, but the Sun can be very harmful to your skin. The most commonly known effect from the sun is sunburn. Sunburn is when your skin becomes very red. When you touch your sunburn it hurts and feels very hot. Your skin may even blister up. You…