Physical chemistry

6.3. A. Microemulsions (135-143) Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant 135-137. Microemulsions have several advantages such as enhanced drug solubility, good thermodynamic stability, and higher transdermal permeability over conventional formulations 138,139. Many studies reported the use of microemulsions as topical drug delivery vehicles showed their ability to improve transdermal and dermal delivery…

Discussion: Based off the results from this lab the student was able to determine whether the model cell and cell environment each represent a hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic solution. The first solution cell and environment the student had, was water and sodium chloride. In this instance water was the model cell (what was in the dialysis tubing) and Sodium chloride was the surround environment (plastic cup). The initial weight of the model cell was 13.2g, but after sitting in the sodium…

The % relative standard deviation (% RSD) was found to be below 5 % for all the four analytes in system precision and below 6 % in method precision. The data as shown in Table 3.4.3.3.3 and 3.4.3.3.4. LOD values observed for Hydrazine carbamate and Hydrazone carbamate were 0.0018 µg per mL and 0.00092 µg per mL respectively. The LOD value observed for both 1-Hydroxy benzotriazole and 2R, 3S Chlorohydrine hydrochloride were 0.0019 µg per mL. The LOQ values observed for all four analytes were…

Water is a transparent, odourless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen freezing at 30°F or 0°C and boiling at 212°F or 100°C, that in a more or less impure state constitutes rain, oceans, lakes, rivers etc; it contain 11188% of hydrogen and 88.812% of oxygen by weight. (Dictionary.com) The Earth is surrounded by 70% of water, however, that 70% is composed of salt water and fresh water. The salt water is made up of 97% and fresh water is 3%. 2% of the fresh water is frozen up in…

was observed. Stability studies After subjecting the formulation F9 for stability study, from the data, (Table 4) the formulation was found to be stable under the conditions mentioned before, since there was no significant change (p< 0.05) in physical form of tablets, changes in drug content, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution after six months. CONCLUSION The results of phase solubility observed that the formation of 1:1 complex between ISH and β-CD. The study of solid…

Most corrosion is an electrochemical reaction. Anything that affects the speed of the chemical reaction will in turn affect the amount of current flow, which will affect the rate of corrosion. The rate of corrosion is directly proportional to the amount of current in the electrochemical corrosion cell. If the current can be measured accurately, then an exact calculation of the metal loss can be made. 2.2.1 ELECTRICAL EFFECTS ON THE RATE OF CORROSION Any issue that have an effect on the…

become more soluble than the rests resulting a heterogeneous distribution of the 45Ca tracer within the solid. In this article, we utilized a simple box model (described in Appendix section C1, Fig. C3) that addressed the heterogeneous trace metal chemistry (i.e., Mg and Sr) of the initial solid. In this model the exchange takes place by partial dissolution of the solid by preferential removal of more soluble Mg and Sr-rich calcite and…

Boris Kozarski Lab partner: Donovan Ortiz 9/23/16 Bio 118: A-65 GTA: Mian Li, UGTA: Shelby Schaffer Intro: Enzymes are important biological molecules that help catalyze numerous reactions in the body. They are an arrangement of proteins designed to serve very specific roles. Enzymes contain active sites that substrates bind to. The enzymes then help orient those substrates so they achieve ideal reaction conditions. As a result, substrates are broken down much faster than they would on their own…

Part one Make a 3 list of chemical safety hazards? The three chemical safety hazards are: Poison Toxic Corrosive Reactive Environmental hazards 2. What is Amalgam? Amalgam is mixture of metals of mercury with another metal and other metal. Almost all metal can be an amalgam with a form of mercury. 3. If you had to train someone on how to separate the mercury from the amalgam, what training would they need? WHY? If I had to train someone on how to separate the mercury…

A Hydrate’s Empirical Formula Aaron Meehan Ethan 11/06/17 Kotiba 09J I have read and agree to the terms of the Academic Honesty Statement. _Aaron Meehan____________11/06/2017_____________________ Student Signature Date Purpose This experiment conducted during lab was designed so that the students would be able to formulate the hydrate’s empirical formula after heating and observing the effects of heating a hydrate salt. By taking careful measurements and the usage of stichometry, the…