Phrenology

Throughout the course of the semester Jeeves and Brown have demonstrated a cohesive relationship between science, specifically neuroscience, and religion. Neuroscience, Psychology, and Religion supplied a holistic argument grounding its positions in history and extrapolating upon current research. Thus, chapter nine serves as a recap, cementing the final keys of understanding. Within the chapter Jeeves and Brown reflect on their proposed arguments as well as the future of science and religion.…

European imperialism was a prominent movement of colonial expansion in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Many European nations were interested in African countries because of their abundant natural resources. The expansion of Europe and the colonization of African nations lasted for almost a century until nearly all African nations were under European control. Imperialism had both negative and positive effects on African life. The film Hotel Rwanda depicts the Rwandan genocide of 1994, and…

The natural inclination to understand phenomena in scientific ways is an innately human tendency (Haas, 2011). This desire to seek scientific explanations, particularly to explain empirical phenomena, is pervasive not only in scientific fields but also various disciplines. An exorbitant amount of research aims to investigate the impact that scientific phenomena have on social and cultural contexts, among others. Moreover, with continued scientific advancements, this desire is driven by…

Positivist Theory Positivist theory was created from positive philosophy and the influences of practical science (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Positivists rejected the established philosophy of Enlightenment thinkers (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). When society went through significant changes during the American and French revolutions as well as a middle class that united in strength and the Industrial Revolution is when positive philosophy took its roots (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Saint-Simon was a socialist who…

been around since Antiquity, with some of the earliest instances tracing back to almost 3,000 years ago in Egypt and Greece. It has gone from ideas of the human soul and practices of trepanation to mental hospitals like Bedlam and the school of phrenology; the science of psychology has had a dynamic evolution through human history, seeing explosive growth in the past 150 years. One of psychology’s oldest interests…

Bryan Stevenson states, ‘“Racial integrity” laws were part of a plan to replicate slavery’s racial hierarchy and reestablish the subordination of African Americans.” In relation to the history of race, in Just Mercy, Stevenson incorporates how historical events such as slavery, mass incarceration, “Jim Crow” laws, and racial terrorism have affected how people perceive race and racism. Race was conceived the way it was in the beginning of the early modern period because people, especially white,…

not categorized or accurately diagnosed. In the seventeenth century, obsessions and compulsions were often described as symptoms of religious melancholy. Modern concepts of OCD began to evolve in the nineteenth century, when Faculty Psychology, Phrenology and Mesmerism were popular theories and when neurosis implied a neuropathological condition. In his 1838 book, psychiarist Esquirol described OCD as a form of monomania, or partial insanity. In 1877, Westpahal attributed obsessions to…

From 1919 until 1945, Adolf Hitler was a member of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, and he worked from the beginning to create an “ideal” racial community. By World War 2, it was clear he had specifically persecuted four groups of people, or racial “others”: the Jews, the Gypsies, people of African descent, and the disabled. Hitler’s decision to persecute who he did was obviously caused by racism, but according to the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, those four groups had…

thinking (QUOTE). Long afterwards, René Descartes (1596-1650) conceptualised a mind-body dualism (QUOTE) that reflected a separation between the brain and the body, but he never achieved the understanding that the brain was the “home of the mind”. Phrenology already opened the way to believe that there were some…

You literally fell down drunk and died. Not quite what the study had in mind. Last fall, I spent about a month in the file room of the Harvard Study of Adult Development, hoping to learn the secrets of the good life. The project is one of the longest-running—and probably the most exhaustive—longitudinal studies of mental and physical well-being in history. Begun in 1937 as a study of healthy, well-adjusted Harvard sophomores (all male), it has followed its subjects for more than 70 years.…