Photon

If a photon is emitted it is possible for an unpaired electron to leap from one energy level to the other. As we know the energy of a photon to be and the resonance condition to be , we get the equation which is the fundamental equation of electron spin resonance where we can find the microwave resonance frequency. When…

refractive index of medium 2 θi = angle of incidence θt¬ = angle of transmission Rs = Reflected intensity at S-Polarization Rp = Reflected intensity at P-Polarization Antireflection Coating Generation of charge carriers through absorption of photons is the electrical current generating mechanism of solar…

(EQD) can be assessed using Tauc Relation equation (2). (αhυ)2 = f(R) hυ = B (hυ - EQD )n (2) where B is proportional constant (often negligible), hv is photon energy, EQD is bandgap energy, n based on the transition type (n = 1/2 for direct allowed transitions), and α is absorption coefficient. Kubelka-Munk Equation (3): approximation of α .5…

Quasiclassical Elienberger equations [129] for the green functions g(k , r, and order parameter , is a powerful tool to deal with inhomogeneous superconductors [130]. These functions depend on the so called, ‘Matsubara frequency’, , coordinate r, and wave vector k on the fermi surface. The dependence of green functions and order parameters on the wave vector k, makes them sensitive to the shape of fermi surface. This makes solution of Elienberger equations complicated in the system of complex…

Paragraph 1 The research done by Haines on how the atomic structure of FePO4 varies when temperature increases from 294K to 1073 shows few crystal chemical relationships between SiO2 and FePO4. There is a first order variation of cell parameters and atomic orientations with temperatures lower than 980K and α-phase plays a dominant role over β-phase at high temperature. For the α-phase FePO4, the cell parameters increase with a non-linear trend when temperature increases linearly. The volume…

A large portion of the book Alice in Quantumland tries to help Alice make sense of wave interference. The Classical Mechanic leads Alice to a place referred to as the gedanken room, meaning the thinking room. In said room, anything that one thinks appears as substance, making it possible to perform quantum experiments. The Classical Mechanical then proceeds to explain interference by a simple definition to Alice. “Interference is something that happens with waves. You can have all kinds of waves…

1 The Nature All my life through, the new sights of Nature made me rejoice like a child. – Marie Curie (1867-1934), the Polish-French physicist chemist famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry. All that is beautiful, delightful and affable in this world, the silence of the night, the loveliness of the morning, the beauty of the day, the melody of the breeze, the fragrances of the flower, the precious…

J.J Thomson was born in Cheetham Hill, a suburban area in Manchester, England on December 18, 1856. Thomson was a Nobel Prize winning physicist with his research that helped discover the electrons of an atom. J.J Thomson full name was Joseph John Thomson, He was an English physicist and mathematician. Joseph Thomson was considered to be a prodigy at his time, becoming the first to be 14 and attending college. Joseph Thomson’s father was a book seller who intended Thomson to become an engineer.…

Introduction A wave is a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space. Waves are caused by vibrations. There are two types of waves, transverse, and longitudinal waves. The moving particles in transverse waves travel at right angles to the direction of transverse. Some examples of transverse waves are light waves and radio waves. A longitudinal wave is also known as a compression wave. The moving particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave.…

Crazy Fact: Our every decision and its probable outcomes manifest. Perhaps, not here, but somewhere... This means the most improbable scenarios are bound to run their course in a distant universe extremely different or remarkably unrecognisable from our own. Light creates space, wherein it indirectly generates time. On a universal scale, our the sum of thoughts, words and actions churn the wheel of Karma. (The Moral Principle and/or Spectrum of Cause & Effect) Time progresses in accordance…