Photon

Kaposi Sarcoma Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a tumor of endothelial cell origin commonly found in the Mediterranean, Jewish, Arabic and African populations. In patients on immunosuppression, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is reactivated in endothelial cells and conversion to spindle cells occurs.PMID: 16904612, PMID:17456614, PMID 15021843 The incidence of KS is markedly increased in patients with SOTRs (between 84 and 500 times more common) compared with the immune-competent…

By high school, I had become set on my aspirations to study medicine and become a doctor. My mind became engaged and excited to learn about the human body and all of our systems. I took several science AP classes that allowed me to indulge in captivating information while affirming the ambitions of my future. I also volunteered at the same hospital for three years because I loved the opportunity to help people in a medical setting while working with other teens with similar mindsets. However, it…

technology to generate and accelerate electrons through what is called a ‘wave guide’. These are a series of negatively charged magnets that lead the electron beam into a series of metal plates, splitting the electron beam into x-ray photons (refer to fig. 2). The photon beam is then shaped by a multi-leaf collimator, incorporated in the head of the machine, to match the specifications of the tumor10 (refer to fig.3). Role of Radiation Therapy in Treatment of Illness The field of…

the body. These tracers are usually isotopes that have a short life and are associated with some chemical compounds which allow certain physiological processes to be examined. These tracers are given by injection, inhalation or by the mouth. Single photons are detected by a gamma camera which can see the organs from any point of view. The gamma camera creates an image from the points from when the radiation is emitted; the image is enhanced by a computer and viewed by a physician on a monitor…

becomes smaller instantly in light adaptation to permit less light to enter the eye. The cones and the rods become less sensitive to light. Light adaptation takes only a few seconds, happening faster than dark adaptation due to the nature of the photons to enter the eye quickly in increased light intensity and abolish the extra light sensitive…

In radiation therapy, bolus is a modality that helps compensate for differences in body contours, stop skin sparring, and to raise dose buildup on the patient’s skin (Washington, p. 171). Bolus is a tissue equivalent material, but there is not just one type of bolus. Superflab is a commercial bolus that most clinical sites use, but other bolus variations are also available for use. There is no study that compares Superflab, neon green Play-Doh, orange Play-Doh, and uncooked rice for providing…

Since the industrial revolution, people’s life quality has improved dramatically, along with new machines invented and new technology innovated. While people are enjoying their life with those advancements, energy consumption has also increased enormously. With limited resources on earth, the development of renewable technology has become the focus for the past decades. The sun, the giant burning star that is 92 million miles away from us, is warming us the earth and providing us with light and…

People are awake the majority of the day, but a large portion of the day is consumed by sleeping. A good night’s rest is essential because without an appropriate amount of sleep, the hours spent awake can become impacted. Unfortunately, sleep disorders can affect a person’s sleeping abilities. Narcolepsy is one example of a sleep disorder that will affect someone at night and through the day. Narcolepsy can be defined as a neurological disorder where the person experiences daytime sleepiness…

Moving Target Defense The current cybersecurity environment is based around a static defense that has been employed for the past few years to protect information systems (See Figure 6). Unfortunately, this cybersecurity paradigm is not effective against current and future cyber threats. According to Zheng (2014), the weakness of this cybersecurity approach is its passive and reactive nature towards safeguarding information systems. Additionally, this method also allows threat actors the time…

In the short story “First Contact”, Leinster approaches the notion of ‘othering’ through the element, vision, and its related elements, light and darkness. According to Dr. Stephen E. Palmer’s textbook Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology, “vision relies on three basic elements, adaptation, sensitivity, and perception”(5). Eyes adapt to various levels of light in order to sense and perceive any figures within the environment. As light decreases, the eyes adapt up to a point until the range…