Photographic chemicals

Step 1 - Synthesis A mixture of compressed CO2 and ammonia under 240 bar (g) pressure is reacted to form ammonium carbamate. This is an exothermic reaction, and heat is absorbed by a boiler to produce steam. The first reactor achieves 78% conversion of the carbon dioxide to urea and the liquid is then furthurly purified. Then, the second reactor receives the gas from the first reactor and recycles the solution. Conversion of carbon dioxide to urea is approximately 60% at a pressure of 50 bar…

Research Question: To compare the enthalpy change of reaction of 3 neutralization reactions by using 3 different acids of distinct pH. The same base of NaOH will be used in all three experiments. Introduction: Chemical reactions always have energy change. Energy in the form of heat, if liberated is known as exothermic and if absorbed in the reaction is known as endothermic. When a reaction carried out under standard condition at a of temperature 298K and 1 atm of pressure and 1 mole of water…

4.4. Physical model of the susceptibility of hot cracking for copper GTA welding Variations of the hot cracking susceptibility during copper GTA welding could be divided into the following five stages combining the internal factor with the external factors, as shown in Fig. 14: Fig. 14. Schematic of the physical model for the susceptibility of hot cracking during copper GTA welding. (I). Free crystalline region The actual line of S-L is lower compared with its corresponding theoretical line…

Carbohydrates have the following basic composition. They are molecular compounds made from three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides are simple sugars with multiple OH groups. Based on number of carbons 3, 4, 5, 6, a monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose or hexose respectively. Disaccharides are condensation products of two monosaccharide units; examples are maltose and sucrose. A disaccharide is 2 monosaccharides covalently linked molecule. Polysaccharides are polymers…

first ignited, sparks were seen and the flame emitted a bright, white light. The flame spread across the magnesium and eventually turned it into a white, ashy substance. The combination of fire and magnesium caused a chemical change. This is evident as there were many signs of a chemical change, such as an emission of light, a color change, and an odor change. The emission of light was the bright white fire, the color change was the change from the silver magnesium to the white ashes, and the…

This experiments goal was to successfully produce ZnI2 by using Zinc Sulfate (Heptahydrate) and Barium Iodide Dehydrate, which Jessica and I did with acceptable success. The definition of acceptable success for this experiment is measured by how close our percent yield was close to the ranges provided (0-2% being considered excellent precision and etc). Our percent yield was 92 % meaning that it was an acceptable, but not exactly as close to what we wanted it to be. In order to try and figure…

The TG and DTA curves obtained for the compounds (C1-C5) are shown in Figure 9. Table 4 lists the results of the thermal studies of these compounds with the initial and final temperatures (ºC), assignments of each decomposition stage based on mass calculation and DTA peaks. These assignments (Δm - Calcd.) are based on the structural fragments from the theoretical formulae of the compounds (C1–C5). This implies that the groups proposed in the right column of Table 4 are not necessarily the…

Lab report Questions What will happen when zinc is placed in copper (II) sulfate? What will happen when copper is placed in copper (II) sulfate? Prediction It is predicted that when you place zinc and copper (II) sulfate a reaction will occur, resulting in a precipitation. The prediction about the copper (II) sulfate and copper is that nothing will happen. Hypothesis It is hypothesised that when zinc is placed in aqueous copper (II) sulfate, a single displacement reaction will occur as the…

Amylase Laboratory Report Introduction: Enzymes are a catalytic protein in a quaternary structure, that helps with the acceleration of molecules called substrates to achieve its desired chemical reaction. In this lab we used a specific enzyme called amylase. According to the lab manual, amylase is an enzyme found in one’s saliva or the pancreas to accelerate metabolism and cause a spontaneous reaction that helps with digestion of a substrate called starch. In order for any polymer such as…

Results and dissection 3.1 Transition metal complexes of the macrocyclic, H6L Ligand 3.1.1 The macrocyclic, H6L Ligand The physical and analytical data of the macrocyclic, H6L ligand and its transition metal complexes were shown in Table 1. From the investigation, the expected structure of H6L with its possible toutomeric forms can be represented as shown in Figure 1. H6L ligand is highly symmetric under the point group C2v symmetry and can show all the normal modes of vibrations by solving…