Photographic chemicals

Cerium is a rare earth element of the lanthanide series (atomic no. = 57– 71) of the periodic table. Among the various rare earth metals, cerium granted a hugeattention towards scientific community due to its catalytic antioxidant property. Usually, antioxidants protect cells from oxidative damage, mediated by ‘reactive oxygen species’ (ROS), which include free radicals such as superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and non-free radical species like hydrogen…

Ayurveda care for Kapha type body According to Ayurveda, our body is made up of five elements namely, air, water, earth, fire and space. Kapha is a combination of the elements Water and Earth whose meaning is ‘sticky’. Our body structures are formed by the energy derived from kapha energy. It supplies the vital nutrients and liquid that are needed to life to emerge and sustain on the planet. Kapha provides the body with lubrication in physical form and structure that results in the smooth and…

In this lab, the guiding question is “How does the surface tension and relative intermolecular forces compare between certain substances?” In order to fully understand this guiding question, we have to know what is the surface tension and intermolecular force. The definition of surface tension is “the inward force, or pull, that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid, and the definition of intermolecular force is the force, or pull, between the molecular which has polar…

MYCOCEPT (Mycophenolate mofetil) is the 2-morholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA). CHEMICAL NAME: 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl (E)-6- (4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1H-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4 enoate. STRUCTURAL FORMULA: Fig: Mycophenolate mofetil MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 433.50g/mol APPEARANCE: Mycophenolate mofetil, is a white to off-white crystalline powder. SOLUBILITY: It is slightly…

Effect of temperature Temperature has a profound influence on the rate of all processes occurring in living organisms including fungi and it may determine the type of reproduction, the morphology of the organism and the nutrients required. For any particular organism, the minimum and maximum temperatures are the lowest and highest at which growth occurs, and the optimum is that at which the growth rate is the greatest.Majority of fungi are mesophylls and grow at moderate temperature.These values…

The synthesized molecules referred as E-and Z-isomers on the basis of NMR Spectroscopic data as reported. Conversion of E-isomer to Z-isomers take place by the process of photoisomerisation, chemical shift and differences between E-and Z-isomers in proton NMR spectral data was useful parameters for ascertaining to stereochemistry. All this synthesized molecules showed antioxidant activity using superoxide (NBT) and DPPH free radical scavenging…

New ultraviolet (UV) curable prepolymer, 2–hydroxy–3–[p–(1–{2–hydroxy–3–(isopro– phenylcarbonyloxypropoxy) phenyl} methylcyclohexyl) phenoxy] propyl acrylate (BISCHDA) was synthesized by the reaction of p–[1–(p–hydroxyphenyl) methylcyclohexyl] phenol with methylcyclohexanone, epoxidation with epichlorohydrin followed by addition reaction with acrylic acid. All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Several UV-curable formulated solutions were prepared…

started in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane. It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatine and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced worldwide annually. Chemical properties and reactions: Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a monoprotic…

polymerization reaction is called as polythene. Globally about 80 million tons of polyethylene is produced. The important application of the polymer is for packing. The monomer used in this reaction is C2H4. The monomer is usually produced from petro chemical process or by dehydration of ethanol. The most widely used catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene are titanium(III)chloride which is popularly called as the Ziegler Natta catalyst and also Philips catalyst is widely used. The…

CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Preparation of Bis-Thiourea Derivatives The mixture of heptanoyl chloride and ammonium thiocynate with 1,4-phenylene diamine appeared as homogeneous solution. White precipitate was formed immediately when the solution was filtered into the beaker containing ice cubes. Then, the precipitate was filtered again and rinsed by ethanol before being dried in the desiccator. The physical data of the synthesized bis-thiourea derivatives are shown in Table 4.1.…