Phosphoric acid

Introduction: Kidney stones are an extremely basic urinary issue. Also known as renal calculi, kidney stones are characterized by their high occurrence and a high repeat rate. This issue results from the arrangement of insoluble salt stores in the urinary tract and inside the kidney. The rate of this issue has expanded in the course of recent years for reasons that are not entirely known, but have caught the consideration of numerous scientists. There are different types of kidney stones, each…

In this experiment, a Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide, reacted with a ketone, acetophenone, to produce 1,1-diphenylethanol. The experimental product was relatively pure as its melting point was determined to be between 78 and 80.7°C. The value from literature suggests that the melting point is between 78 and 82°C (chemspider.com). However, the percent yield for this experiment was not very high, at only 57 percent. The low yield for this lab was most likely due to the low…

The purpose of this lab was to perform the condensation of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid. Isopentyl acetate was formed from this reaction and this compound has the distinct smell of bananas. This reaction is known as Fisher Esterification. From the final product, the final mass was used to calculate the percent yield. Finally, the IR spectrum was obtained from the final product in order to determine if the reaction went to completion or not. To a 5mL…

Background: Acidic rain or acid deposition is predominantly caused by air pollution. Acid deposition in the form of gasses and microscopic particles, floating in the air, is called dry deposition. However, wet deposition is in the form of precipitation. As a result of chemicals being released from human productions, great amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are respired into the atmosphere, where rain and gas matter is polluted. Once both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide come in…

recorded. Each Alka Seltzer contains the same three ingredients: 325 mg of Aspirin, 1000 mg of Citric Acid, and 1916 mg of Sodium Bicarbonate. Two of Alka Seltzer’s ingredients, Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda), were both placed into a beaker to see if both contents could cause a potential reaction. The final result was a non- occurring reaction. For a second test, both the Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate were placed into separate, dry beakers. Afterwards,…

Component Via Extraction Objective: Separation of organic acid from a neutral compound using liquid/liquid extraction. Experimental: Similar to the “Thin Layer Chromatography” experiment, a TLC plate was ran with 2 ml of EtOAc and 8 mL of hexane in the jar. The Rf value was calculated using the formula located in the data for all the TLC plate. The mixed compound that was dotted on the TLC plate had 0.300 g of the impure benzoic acid and 10 mL of dichloromethane. A 50 mL flask was weighed…

Introduction: The purpose of the experiment was to determine the density of powdered grape. The company Gatorade has advertised that G2 powder replenishes fluids and electrolytes in the body’s blood stream during exercise. G2 has aided in staying hydrated, “maintain normal muscle performance, heart rate and brain activity” (1). In relation, there has been a rise in sports drink purchase to improve athletic performance. The experiment examined a basic level of G2 powders composition, the…

The purpose of this lab is to calculate the chemical formula of a hydrate compound made up of copper, chlorine, and water molecules by using the law of definite proportions. The water of hydration of the copper chloride hydrate sample will be determined as well as the mass of copper and chlorine through a chemical reaction. The results will be used to calculate the moles of copper and chlorine and then the empirical formula of the compound. Techniques used: In this experiment, different…

as: color changes, precipitates, and gases. Those that did not have reactions were also useful in the deduction process. To fully understand how this elimination process works, one must have a better conceptual understanding of aqueous solutions, acid-base reactions, precipitates, and the solubility rules. An aqueous solution is any solution in which water is the solvent. Simply put, it dissolves in water. In order for a substance to dissolve in water, it must either match or exceed the…

Key concepts Chemistry Chemical reaction Acids Bases Water Introduction Have you ever had a refreshing bath with bubbles or bath salts? What if you could use chemistry to create a bath-time treat that incorporated both fizzing bubbles and soothing salts? Such a combination does exist, and it's called a bath bomb. If you have never experienced one, these "bombs" become fizzy when they touch the water. Why? It is due to a chemical reaction taking place between different ingredients within the…