Philip IV of France

women prepare themselves for motherhood, life as a wife and created convents to educate young women. While teaching the women, they converted and taught them Catholicism, benefiting the Church since they were gaining more followers throughout Italy, France, and North America (Haberman and Shubert). The Society of Jesus or the Jesuit Order was founded by Spanish nobleman Ignatius Loyola, who claimed that we could shape our behaviour through severe discipline and regular spiritual practices…

This conflict arose between Gregory and german Emperor Henry IV, where their differing opinions on who should choose local bishops clashed in the early 11th century. Pope Gregory was an advocate for more church authority and believed that he, and future popes, should have absolute say in certain spheres of power…

crusaders announced war on Constantinople which ended the fourth crusade with the defeat of the significant Byzantine capital after couple of years. At the end of the thirteen century, a variety of crusaders wanted to take back the holy land. Thibault IV regained Jerusalem that was in the seventh crusade, and was taken away again to Khwarazmian armies in 1244 signed up by the king of Egypt. King Louis IX led to the eighth crusade fighting the Egyptians, crashing Mansura. Crusaders scrambled, a…

On October 31, 1517, an unsatisfied, non-conforming, progressive theologian named Martin Luther took an action that altered the religious (and, in some cases) political landscape of the entire Western world. Disgusted at the Catholic church’s insistence on the sale of indulgences and unconvinced as to their doctrine of “salvation by works,” the Wittenberg professor nailed a 95-point document to the front door of his university’s Catholic church. This document, later called the “Ninety-five…

contrasts with Boniface’s deliberate simony. After Boniface, the next sinner was going to be Pope Clement V, the “lawless shepherd of the West…this one/Will get soft treatment from the King of France” (XIX.76,81-82). Clement V, the pope who moved the papacy to France and who was under the control of Philip IV, is interestingly looked down upon by Nicholas as being “lawless,” despite the fact that the both of them suffer the same fate because of the same sin. This judgement could be referring…

Two courses of action, it was argued, were required. First, crypto-Judaism could only be overcome by the introduction of an Inquisition; second, Jewish influence over the conversos could only be overcome by their expulsion. These ideas, adumbrated in works such as Alonso de Espina's Fortalitium Fidei, continued to gain ground, and on 27 September 1480 the Catholic Monarchs appointed Inquisitors in Castile who began their work in Seville shortly after (1481). Conversos, often subjected to torture…

Napoleon made his troop go from Northern Italy into Austria. John Adams is the first president to live in the White House. 1803 Louisiana Purchase was made. Tsar Paul I is assassinated. The Cumberland Road was made to improve western transportation. Johnny Appleseed start teaching pioneers how to plant apple trees. In 1800 Lewis and William Clark expedition began in 1804. Robert E. Lee attends the first West Point Academy with Ulysses S. Grant. Charles Willson Peale establishes…

establishment. In the early 1800s the White Lotus Rebellions occurred, led by the frustrated Buddhists who got mad that the government was corrupted and taxed heavily. The Self Strengthening Movement was not effective in 1860. China lost Vietnam to France in the Sino-French War of 1883. China also had to hand over Taiwan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki and allow the Japanese rights in trade just like the British. China was forced to sign yet another document, the Boxer Protocol. The Protocol…

When he began working on The Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri likely had no idea that it would become widely regarded as one of the most graphic depictions of hell ever written. This epic, narrative, and satirical poem is written in the first person, and follows Dante as he loses his way in a forest and travels through the circles of Hell. Even in the present day it is still read in classrooms, as well as a video game and animated movie based on the epic poem. This epic poem has not only been…

implementation of many educational reforms of humanism in Protestant schools •Ignatius Loyola insisted when the Bible and Church Fathers were read directly, they be read under the guidance of scholastic theologians: Peter Lombard, Bonaventure, and Aquinas •Philip Melanchthon - a humanist and professor of Greek - wanted to reform curriculum to the humanist model •His inaugural address On Improving the Studies of the Young portrayed himself as a defender of good letters and classical studies…