Philip IV of France

made an example of due to his crimes of treasons, and other crimes that went against the king and “the crown of France” and due to the time period. This is a really interesting occurrence because public execution is used for lower class criminals. This was a time of fear in France partially due to the Hundred Years War starting. As Jean Bouteiller noted in Fear of Crime in Late Medieval France, “Thus, you can and must know that there are several cases that are not to receive forgiveness, such as…

The rulers eagerly utilized these ideas. During the Renaissance Era, the “new monarchs” in England, France, and Spain attained control by developing taxing systems, manipulating government councils, and increasing their influence over the church; tactics which were modeled after Machiavelli’s “fox-like” and “lion-like” concepts of an ideal ruler. The…

Paris is one of the world’s most famous locations! It is best known for its amazing monuments and amazing attractions. The city of Paris, France, goes way back to more than 2000 years back in time. Lots of people think Paris has some of the most interesting history to it in all its years. In 52 B.C. Julius Caesar took control of the city of Paris when it was just starting to grow into a huge civilization, and it was just a little fishing village for the new people there. Back then when it was…

claim to the throne any stronger and he soon had to deal with a second imposter. Perkin Warbeck from France came to England as a merchant on a silk ship but soon found a lot of support from the Irish, rallying behind anyone who would give them a chance to unseat Henry and see a Yorkist King on the throne again. It is believed that Perkin was carefully placed in that position by the King of France and the Duchess of Burgundy who had previously also supported Simnel and were eager to see Henry…

William Wallace was a brave warrior, fighting the English for the freedom of the Scots. Starting with only a small militia, Wallace's supporting forces grew to a full blown army taking back Scotland and ravaging the English North. Wallace’s leadership contributed immensely through many overwhelming victories for Scotland’s independence and for the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328, the document giving the Scots their freedom, 23 years after his death. Even today, almost…

Introduction: The greatest of the University Wits, Christopher Marlowe has to his credit quite a few significant plays. Arguably, he is second only to Shakespeare among sixteenth century English playwrights. As a dramatist, Marlowe brilliantly reflects the contemporary Renaissance zeitgeist. However, he is ahead of his time as well. Many of the issues he highlighted in his plays would come to occupy the mental landscape of many coming generations. Edward II is one such play. It is one of the…

Order of the Knights Templar The middle ages led to fighting over religion and land. One major conquest was the Crusades. The Crusades was a religious war between the turks and the catholic Knights Templar. Who were the Knights Templar? What did they fight for? What happened in the end to them? The Order of the Knights Templar was a religious knighthood. They started out as a military order called the Poor Fellow-Soldier of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon. It later became the Order of the…

The seventh crusade was slightly successful but yet it wasn’t. It was led by Thibault IV and he briefly recaptured Jerusalem though he lost it again in 1244 to a new force called the Khwarazmian forces “Crusades”. The eighth crusade was led by King Louis in 1249 and ended a year later after defeat “Crusades”. After many new groups started…

The Real story about the Crusades The Crusades were a series of wars set out to reclaim the holy land and not the outcome of greed and want for power of the Christian Church. Before the time of the Crusades the Christians that lived had no arguments with the muslims. Before the year 1200, 9 out of 10 people living in Europe were peasant farmers who had barely anything to live on (Biel). This meant that many of the people living in Crusading time were poor and had nothing. They didn’t have…

Boniface VIII issued a bull forbidding taxes on clergy without the pope 's express permission. This declaration angered multiple European kings, especially Philip IV of France, who cut off all of his country 's funds to the pope. Trying to prevent his loss of power, Boniface VIII then issued the Unam Sanctum. This bull asserted that the pope, being over the Church and thus an eternal kingdom, was more powerful than…