Philip III of Spain

under Paul III. Their order was coordinated along military lines and they were a great representation of having power in an enthusiastic manner(Important religious orders and the Co...; Important religious orders and the Co...). A third objective the church had examined was spiritual movements. Having spiritual movements comes major figures, this reform was not only about policies and politics but some important characters include, Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross, Francis de Sales, Philip…

both English and Spanish speaking areas. However, by 1759 the Spanish had already recognized that slavery went against one’s natural right. The Pope, a very influential figure during the 15th century, Openly discouraged the act of slavery [Pope Paul III, 426]. The Spanish respected the Pope so much that when he said this, it changed the Spanish peoples’ view on slavery; Spanish started to acknowledge slaves as humans. Whereas the English held on to…

Catherine de’ Medici This report is on pages 115 through 299 out of 475 from Jean Heritier’s Catherine de’ Medici. This section begins with Part II. The Accession and ends with Part III Ch.II, Machiavellism and Maternal Love. When the last part ended, Catherine’s eldest son Francois II had just died, kicking the Guises, who had been controlling him through their niece, his wife, out of power. With no heirs, Francois was replaced by his younger brother Charles IX, who was only nine at the time.…

was in a vacuum with particles passing through it. Therefore nothing lasted forever, even gods. There is also no afterlife. Zeno argued that there were still virtues to be had. Battle of Cannae In the second Punic war Hannibal marched his army from Spain through the Alps and into the Italian peninsula. Though he lost around a third of his men Hannibal’s forces were revitalized by galls who opposed Rome’s conquest of their land in northern Italy. Hannibal brought around 40000 infantry and 10000…

authorized on 31 March 1492, in May those Jews who refused to convert left for Portugal, North Africa and Turkey. Those who fled to Portugal only found temporary refuge, for five years later they again faced the problem of forcible conversion. As in Spain, this led to the rise of crypto-Judaism, and on 23 May 1536 an Inquisition was set up on the Spanish…

While Jews certainly did prosper in medieval western Christendom - in Spain, England, France and the Holy Roman Empire - it is arguable whether this occurred during times of true Christian persecution, for this phrase implies a coherent, general and importantly, state-backed, form of oppression, which did not exist until late in the period. Indeed, even though anti-semitism did exist, the two distinct phases of Jewish prosperity during the Middle Ages were marked rather with tolerance and…

engage with representations others have made of them.” (Pratt, 319) Poma’s manuscript was originally meant for King Philip III of Spain, but was never delivered. Instead it wasn’t until 1908 when it was finally discovered by Peruvianist Richard Pietschmann. Much of Pratt’s essay has to deal with Poma’s interpretations and perspective on Spanish rule. Poma tried to relate to Philip by expressing the similarities of each other’s cultures and beliefs. Unfortunately, this was mostly in vain. While…

Due to the Holy Roman Empire’s influence, the Roman Catholic Church played a significant role in the lives of western Europeans in the Middle Ages (Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia). People were named, married and buried by the guidance of Roman Christianity (Haberman and Shubert). This changed when Martin Luther asked questions regarding salvation and the relationship between community and God. As a result of these questions, Europe would never be the same as Luther started the Protestant…

The Renaissance was a time of great cultural rebirth and achievement. Although it began in Italy, the Renaissance spread and affected most of the world and continues to influence us today. Many legacies and famous figures were birthed during this period, some of which we continue to be influenced by and taught about today. One of such figures is Michelangelo. Michelangelo was a sculptor, painter, and architect who was born in 1475 in Italy. Michelangelo was first apprenticed by Domenico…

The Council of Trent spanned a lengthy 18 years (1545-1563) and proved to be one of the most significant of the 21 ecumenical councils convened in Church history. Despite the import of an historical event which influenced Catholic teaching for years to come, little work has been written on this particular council. However, Fr. John O’Malley, S.J., has presented a detailed recounting of this remarkable event in his book, Trent: What Happened at the Council, published by the Belknap Press of…