Philadelphia chromosome

FISH is a test that emits the wavelengths of different color of light rays using fluorescent molecules to study the chromosomes. FISH can be used analyze the various stages of leukemia. Rearrangements of MYC, TCF3 (E2At), MLL and IGH, deletion of CDKN2A (P16), fusion of ETV6-RUNX1 and BCR_ABLI, and hyperdiploidy can be determined using the FISH test7. In Fish test, 83 percent…

Research is the key foundation of learning as well as a stimulant of the mind; it causes people to further investigate a subject that they are interested in and to develop various viewpoints on the subject. However research comes at a price, not only in the form of hard work, stress, and mental strain, but also in the form that most often eludes research from being done, the monetary form. In the medical world, research is fundamental to further not only the ability to diagnose, to treat…

Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia or CML, was the first cancer to be clearly linked to a genetic abnormality as the primary cause of oncogene formation. This bone marrow stem cell disorder is associated with a chromosomal translocation, which leads to the formation of an oncogenic protein. This translocation and oncogenic protein is then responsible for inhibiting DNA repair and the enhancing the susceptibility of further genetic abnormalities.…

marrow or other fluids. If a patient has more than 5,000/mm3 of CLL cells in the blood they more than likely have it. 6 The karyotype of someone with CLL can be used to see three deletions of 13, 11, or 17. 6 If chromosome 17 is partly deleted there is a poor outlook and other less common chromosome changes include trisomy 12 (extra copy) or a translocation between 11 and 14.…

a physician named Dr. John Conrad Otto in Philadelphia discovered that the disease was hereditary and particularly affected boys. In the 1900’s people didn’t know how to store blood so people with hemophilia received it straight after a family member had drawn blood and many people with hemophilia lived up to age thirteen. Finally in 1960 hemophilia…

of the chromosomes from Tetrahymena thermophila contained the six base sequence TTGGGG iterated many times (Blackburn and Gall, 1978). Over the decades, literature has arisen that has revealed many things regarding telomeres. However, as with the case with many scientific endeavours, as one question is answered, another would arise. As a result, research in telomere biology has become one which many are deciding to take on. We know that proper replication of the telomeric DNA at chromosome…

For normal people, there are 46 chromosomes with either an XY or XX for male or female (Ioana, 2013). One of these genes that predisposes people to criminal behavior is an anomaly in the sex chromosomes making the person have an extra X chromosome leading the person to have 47 chromosomes with xxy this anomaly is referred to as Klinefelter's syndrome (Ioana, 2013). Research has established that Klinefelter…

Hemophilia.ca website claims, in 1803, a Philadelphia doctor physician john announced the very early confession of Hemophilia in the United States of America. It took about half a century for other people to understand and concept of Hemophilia and it took more for people to generally realize how…

Blood, in all living things, is a very complex substance that scientists are learning new things about every day. Blood is characterized as a thick substance that has variations in color depending on how much oxygen is present in the blood. If a person’s blood contains ample amounts of oxygen it will be a bright red color and if it contains a low level of oxygen the color will be a dark red. Blood composition is forever varying due to the addition and removal of all sorts of substances in the…

react to particular treatments, more precisely in comparison to other classification systems (Bain, 2017). 3. Chromosomal abnormalities are studied in detail under this classification such as in cases of chronic myeloid leukemia where the Philadelphia chromosome is identified allowing for treatment. 4. The investigations involved under this system are more advanced and complex hence, being time consuming resulting in a delay in making diagnosis. Complex process involved in immunophenotyping are…