Philadelphia chromosome

most popularly done by inserting a disarmed virus that carries the genes within itself, but "there is no guarantee that the viral enzyme that is responsible for this step will be able to introduce the correct gene at the specific point in the host chromosome. In case, there is an error in this process, it could result in error in the genetic makeup of the cell, which in turn can result in serious disorders” (Bose). With no guarantee that the inserted virus will target the correct genes, the…

Cell Biology Beta cells in pancreatic tissues are described as eukaryotic cells and not prokaryotic, this is because the cell is larger in size and there is a true nucleus present which contains DNA. In prokaryotic cell there isn’t a nucleus and the DNA is free within the cytoplasm. Also Beta cells have many organelles and there is mitochondria present, which in a prokaryotic cell there are fewer organelles and there aren’t any mitochondria present. Beta cells in the pancreatic tissue release…

Sperm containing the Y chromosome with a properly functioning SRY gene determines male gender, and if contains the genetic material of the X chromosome is shaped female. The presence of the SRY gene is the basic criterion of gender gene in humans. Discovered in 1990 by a group of P. Goodfellow from the University of Cambridge ,SRY gene is called the "central switch of the masculinity" and is located on the short arm of the Y chromosome locus…

and an amazing team of geneticists discovered it in 1958. Down syndrome’s most common form is Trisomy 21 which is caused by a chromosomal abnormality called nondisjunction. More than 90% of the time Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21…

Chromosomal inheritance relates to how a person has 2 sets of chromosomes, 46 in total, that they inherited their parents. Chromosomes carry the genes, particularly the alleles that the offspring inherit. Gregor Mendel had no understanding of chromosomes when conducting his studies. He experimented and tested peas and discovered that some genes were dominated (showed up) while others were recessive (hidden). What he didn’t know was that chromosomes contained the genes that were responsible for…

genetically different. Crossing over, which is the process of the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, only occurs in meiosis during prophase I, because homologous chromosomes are not present in mitosis. In mitotic metaphase, individual chromosomes composed of two identical sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell, but in metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs, which consist of four genetically different sister chromatids, line up in the middle of the cell.…

Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which two different cells combine, which create an offspring. When two cells called the egg for female, and sperm for male, combine and join together they create a new organism called a zygote. During meiosis, one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells. Meiosis has two divisions of the cytoplasm and the nucleus, the divisions are called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Reproductive cells go through interphase before meiosis. “ A…

1. In your own words, define what is a mutation? Abnormal inherited or acquired permeant alteration in the sequences of the nucleotides of the deoxyribonucleic acid of an organism may or may not change organism phenotype, it occurs with a frequency of less than1% among a population. 2. Are mutations bad or good for you? Justify your answer in either case Mutations could be good, bad, or may have little or no effect. Beneficial mutations: Some mutations if they happen they have a positive…

Mitosis is a process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells developing from a single parent cell. Meiosis is a type of cell division resulting in the production of sperm or eggs that have half the chromosomes of the parent cell. Mitosis and meiosis are similar in a way that they are both ways in which cells reproduce. Mitosis and Meiosis both occur in humans and animals. In both cases (Mitosis and Meiosis), cells copy DNA and make new cells based on the…

matter that stays moist. Fruit flies undergoes 4 (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) stages of metamorphosis during their life span. Depending on the temperature fruit flies’ metamorphosis last from 7 to 50 days, Although fruit flies only have four chromosomes, they have similar gene with human's genes (Glick, Neimeier…