Philadelphia chromosome

Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 21 and it is a developmental disorder which means having three copies of each genes rather than two, this extra copy changes several characteristics and leads to physical and mental issues for the child. Anyway, what are the signs and symptoms of Down syndrome? Different complications at different times of lives may happen to people with Down syndrome as well as the signs of Down syndrome can vary from one person to…

to harmful chemicals or radiation, for example in the case of the chemical attack in Vietnam, to the acquisition of less or extra chromosomes. Down syndrome is one of the most common natural human disorder in the United States today. Down syndrome, as defined by MedicineNet, an online medical encyclopedia, is a genetic disorder and the most common autosomal chromosome abnormality in humans, where extra…

(Türkmen et al., 2015; Faravelli, 2005; McKusick, 2015). This disorder is an autosomal dominant disorder (McKusick, 2015) and has been found to be a result of mutations in the NSD1 gene (Türkmen et al., 2015; Faravelli, 2005; McKusick, 2015), on the chromosome 5q35 (Faravelli, 2005; McKusick, 2015). There are over 100 mutations that have been found in the NSD1 gene, with all of them occurring de novo and at no specific spot in the gene (Faravelli, 2005). NSD1 contains 8088 base pairs, 23 exons,…

This essay provides a brief description of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), a mutation on the APC gene (Cleveland Clinic, 2016, pg. 1). It discusses the beginning ages for FAP and some genetic testing options for said disease, including how accurate such tests are. The remaining portion of this paper explores my stated opinion on whether or not adolescents should be tested for late-onset genetic diseases, such as FAP. A Brief Description of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)…

What are the general findings of identical twins separated at birth? Identical twins separated at birth are not only in looks, they similar in behaviors throughout life, good or bad grades, use or non-use of alcohol, use or nonuse of illegal drugs, and type of family they get as adults. The text states that studies "clearly show that MZ (monozygotic) twins were far more similar in the traits of criminality." (Schram, & Tibbetts, 2014, p. 112) What implications do these findings have for the…

Chromatin, chromatids, and chromosomes have different transformations in terms of mitosis and meiosis. Chromatin in Meiosis and Mitosis are shown differently in Interphase. In Mitosis, the chromatin is made up of DNA and proteins. The DNA coils around the protein and that structure is called a nucleosome. Each chromatid in Mitosis is made up of many strings of the DNA and proteins (nucleosomes) to form a half X. The chromosome is made up of two of the chromatids (DNA and proteins-nucleosomes)…

functions and communicates in everyday life, but Down Syndrome also affects parents and society as well. Down Syndrome is a mental disability that occurs due to an error in cell division. Although it has not yet been discovered why the extra chromosome twenty-one is created, doctors have noticed that…

development and learning capabilities. They are often victims to respiratory diseases, early Alzheimer’s, leukemia, vision problems, and hearing defects. This mutation is caused by the mother’s age or the result of nondisjunction in father’s chromosome 21(extra copy of chromosome 21). Patau syndrome - Patau syndrome causes serious defects to the eye, brain, circulatory functions, and spine. It can also cause extra fingers, extra toes, weak muscles, cleft palates, and cleft lips. The ratio of…

Trisomy is a cell that has three copies of one chromosome instead of having the normal two copies. Trisomy 21 is known as the congenital disorder Down syndrome. This occurs when each cell has three copies of chromosome twenty one rather than having a pair. Commonly, Down syndrome is caused by nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is "an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis" (Huether,McCance pp.42). Scientists have discovered…

abnormality (Dictionary, 2016). Down’s syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21 in the genome in an individual. The extra chromosome causes moderate intellectual disability. The extra chromosome can also result in an error in cell division. The error is usually prior to fertilization but for some reason nobody understands what causes theses errors. People with Down’s syndrome have 50% more genetic material on the 21st chromosome than people who do not have Down’s syndrome (Jerome Lejeune…