Phenylalanine

(PKU) is a disorder that can be passed down from generation to generation. It is caused by a deficient hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which is an enzyme in the liver that catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, using the coenzyme, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). One treatment for PKU would be to have a restricted diet because PKU does not allow for the process of phenylalanine, which is a protein found in many foods (Scala et al 2015). With the help of BH4, patients are able…

top of the medium, which indicated that it was negative. Urea hydrolysis test was also negative no color change to pink was detected. This means that there was no urea hydrolysis and the organism does not produce urease or cannot live in broth. Phenylalanine deamination test was negative meaning the slant didn’t change to green. For the hydrogen sulfide production test, it was negative since the strip didn’t turn black. Overall, based on results gather unknown 5 was identified as Enterobacter…

Introduction According to Yamamoto and Vernier (2011), dopamine is without a doubt one of the oldest neurotransmitters acting on the central nervous system. The researchers suggest that the emergence of dopaminergic systems most likely predates the divergence of chordates during evolution, and the neurotransmitter’s common ancestry is suggested by commonalities among different species that express the same enzymes, vesicle transporters, degradation enzymes, and receptors. Since dopamine is a…

uncontrollable variables that could tamper with the results, such as their diet outside of the study. Another concern when it comes to aspartame is that there are certain people who lack the enzyme to break down phenylalanine, one of the metabolites in aspartame. The accumulation of phenylalanine, which eventually breaks down in phenylpyruvate, can cause serious damage in brain development. Those who are unaware of this allergy can face life-threatening damage to their body. Although the…

resulting product is a carboxylic acid, and when the amide is base catalyzed then the product is a carboxylate ion. Aspartame, the artificial sugar being analyzed in the experiment, is the dipeptide formed upon the combination of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. The methyl ester is the only part of the compound that is sweet, though it is not completely known why that is the only part that produces a taste. As the amide is hydrolyzed by either an acid or base catalyst, methanol is produced as a…

Abstract: The objective of these series of experiments was to identify two unknown bacteria’s. Broth culture #20 was selected and subjected to qualitative tests for identification. Gram stain tests were performed in order to identify which unknown is gram positive and gram negative. Using selective and differential media, like MacConkey agar which allows the growth of gram negative bacteria only that are able to ferment lactose. Also, mannitol agar was used which isolates and detects…

disorders. Phenylketonuria and Congenital hypothyroidism are the top two disorders doctors look out for the most. Phenylketonuria also known as PKU, is when the baby’s body can’t break down amino acids called phenylalanine. Caused by a defective gene that helps an enzyme that break phenylalanine down. Congenital hypothyroidism is when the thyroid hormone in newborns is deficient. The procedure itself is relatively easy and short. Twenty-four to forty-eight hours after the baby is born and…

Week 3 of lab, we received our unknown microorganisms. That week we performed a differential staining to determine whether our unknown has a gram-negative envelope which stains red or gram positive envelope which stains blue. Gram-negative microorganisms stain red because of their inability to bind crystal violet and their ability to bind the safranin. Gram-positive microorganism, however, stains blue due to their ability to retain the primary stain, crystal violet. I determined my unknown…

Nikayla Dahl Dr. Albee Cell Biology Section 11 18 September 2016 1. Describe the structure of CFTR. You must provide a written description for full credit. A picture on its own is not enough. A picture with a description is acceptable. (5 points) When cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CTFR channels are functioning normally, they allow chloride ions to move outside of the cell. When the CTFR is mutated the chloride ions are unable to leave out of the cell channel which causes a…

1. In a re-sequencing study to detect genetic variation that influences expression and inducibility of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, novel mutations are detected in the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3), a nuclear hormone receptor that acts as a transcription factor and controls the expression of CYPs including CYP34. Activation of CAR induces (increases) the expression of CYP enzymes. An alignment of the amino acid sequence of human, monkey, rat, and mouse CARs is indicated below.…