Phenotype

There was a school friend in my village. We were of similar phenotype (height, weight etc) and same age except the fact that we were not twins. In studies we both were average but in sports he was very good in kabaddi and football. I assumed that some super natural powers contributed to his skills. Over the years especially during my years as student of genetics, did I realize that the supernatural power must have been the genes. My school friend, after few years, because of personal reasons…

why Drosophila melanogaster is an important organism to understand eukaryotic genetics which was accomplished by first observing the sex of the flies and distinguishing between wild type and vestigial wing phenotypes. We also determined whether the allele that caused the vestigial wing phenotype is sex- linked or autosomal and either dominant or recessive from flies that were in the F1 generation. Our data collected by observing the sex of the F1 generation and creating a punnett square…

Genetics To Down Syndrome Genetics describes the makeup of our cells, genes, chromosomes, and phenotypes. When there is alter in a gene or a duplication of a chromosome, it can lead to a certain diseases. One of the main diseases known today from a duplication of a chromosome is Down syndrome. John Down first put a name to Down syndrome in 1866, but artifacts from Mexico and Saxon documented some cases of Down syndrome in individuals, and also some were found in paintings of the Renaissance in…

Abstract Tafazzin, encoded by the TAZ gene, is a mitochondrial membrane-associated protein that remodels cardiolipin (CL), an important mitochondrial phospholipid. CL is essential for proper mitochondrial structure and function, ensuring proper functioning of energy production and apoptosis. TAZ mutations are associated with the X-linked metabolic disorder, Barth syndrome (BTHS). BTHS is a lipid metabolic disorder that affects mitochondria that is often fatal in infancy and early childhood, due…

complicated relationships and interactions that affect the phenotype of an organism. Possible genetic variations include nonsynonymous mutations, deletion of coding sequences, translocations, transposable element insertions, alterations within introns and disruption of regulatory elements, as examples. These alterations can cause a range of phenotypic effects from no effect to cell death for essential genes. Disruptions that result in an essential phenotype are typically important to core…

organism in laboratories due to the many advantages that the organism provides: short generation time, sexual dimorphisms, cost effectiveness and easiness to maintain, amongst others. The generation time of Drosophila is around 9 – 11 days, and phenotypes in men, such as sex combs, heavily pigmented abdomen, and shape of abdomen and size, makes of Drosophila melanogaster an effective organism to study. In Drosophila melanogaster, the males do not go through crossing over during meiosis, which…

Results Exercise 1a reproduced the outcome of 30 beetle population size that has a ratio of 1:1:1 in red, orange and yellow phenotypes and indistinguishable predation ratio (1:1:1) over 20 generations. 3 trials out of 4 showed an analogous trend, the highest frequency of alleles is the yellow phenotype after the 14th generation in trial 2 and 3 and 13th generation in trial 4, making the overall surviving beetle population by 20 generations. The red beetle population showed a drastic extinction…

The F_1 offspring that unhatched now have different phenotype and need to be identified. The fruit flies are first immobilized, then the anesthetized flies are poured out of the vials on a sheet of paper and manipulated with a paintbrush (Glick, Neimeier and Aiello). The fruit flies’ gender and phenotypes are identified using a dissecting microscope. When the flies gender and phenotype are properly identified and counted, the information is recorded on sheet of paper…

the flies in the mixture were too coated in the solution to be sexed and analyzed for phenotype. To find a solution and to act on these errors, improvements could be made to increase accuracy when creating the food mixture for the vials. Another mistake was made when a group member knocked the dish containing the male flies in the F2 generation onto the floor. The flies were not yet counted or sorted by phenotype so the number retrieved from the floor could not be certain. This could be improved…

The apterous gene mutations is a recessive trait that is inherited causing a varying phenotypes such as different wing deformities. Other phenotypes observed are the decrease in life span and female sterility. Ap is required to regulate gene expression needed for the development of Drosophila wings and haltere discs. Decreased ap activity due to the overexpression of dLMO results in wing mutations. The phenotypes displayed in apterous mutants are places them at a disadvantage compared to wild…