Phenotype

A twenty-two-year-old single parent, L.A., is referred for genetic counseling by her pediatric nurse practitioner. The patient's three-year-old son was diagnosed with fragile-X-associated mental retardation syndrome. L.A. is currently at fourteen weeks’ gestation with her second pregnancy. The following paper will discuss the gene mutation responsible for fragile-S associated mental retardation and describe how it causes the clinical syndrome of developmental delay, joint hyperextensibility,…

Myostatin blocks muscle production and by cutting the gene the beagle’s body could produce extra muscle.(The Telegraph) After the experiment was performed, the female dog showed physical difference. For instance, the beagle “displayed obvious muscular phenotype” in her thigh muscles that were very large compared to a normal beagle. The gene modification of myostatin successfully worked with no repercussions. Scientist in China had decided to experiment on dogs to see how what the effects could…

dominant allele. Therefore p = AA +1/2Aa. Likewise in all the recessive alleles, q= aa +1/2Aa. With this equation, p2+2pq+q2=1, we can say that the sum of alleles should be equal to 1 or 100%. If we used the observe traits we can conclude it is a phenotype frequency, we can use the equation p + q = 1. If we obtain any alleles such as p or q, we can subtract it to 1. Therefore, we can calculate the expected genotype frequencies. For example, 1-p=q. Then we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium…

questions would be privy to information regarding their cultural background . The data would not be as accurate if interviewers were charged with figuring out if respondents were Hispanic by accessing skin color or hair for instance. An individual’s phenotype will not always be a clear indicator of that person’s ethnic and racial roots and self-report data is the best means to get a clear measure of both race and…

definition of racism in her book, Critical Race Counterstories Along the Chicana/Chicano Educational Pipeline. Yosso begins her book by defining racism as, “a socially constructed category, created to differentiate groups primarily based on skin color, phenotype, ethnicity, and culture for the purpose of showing superiority… of one group over another” (Yosso, 5). Yosso’s definition of racism is meaningful when explaining the phenomena of Chicanos being marginalized out of the school system.…

Reading journal articles for my classes, I was fascinated by the challenges and problem-solving process of research in general. Since Cooper Union has limited resources for research as a small engineering college, I was delighted to learn of this opportunity. With such passion in research, I was able to have an independent study course in school with one of the biological engineering professors and researched the DNA synthesis process. As a member of an International Genetically Engineered…

Endangered eel: Anguilla Japonica Anguilla Japonica, most commonly known as the Japanese eel is classified as an endangered species whose habitat surrounds the coasts of Japan. Based on various credited sources, an analysis was performed in order to determine the likelihood of this eel to go extinct. Biological components and statistical data were taken into account and based on the observed results, it is logical to hypothesize that within a span of years this eel can go extinct. Nonetheless,…

complementary base. DNA is found in plants and animal cells in the nucleus. The nucleus is the control center where DNA is replicated or produced within a cell. DNA also contains our genetic material. This is possible due to differences in individual’s phenotype and genotype. DNAs structure is double helical; meaning two strands are parallel to each other and in a ladder formation. This can occur through the phosphodiester bond between the two strands of DNA that are parallel to each other. DNA…

increase or decrease. When genetic polymorphisms occur, the specific CYP enzymes of CX are determined by a specific gene and the genotype decide rather the function of the enzyme is normal, reduced or non-existent. Moreover, there are four main phenotypes, firstly, the extensive metabolizer has two normal alleles and the intermediate metabolizer has one normal and one variant allele. Turning to the poor metabolizer, it has two variant alleles and the rarest one is the ultra-rapid metabolizer…

regarding the definition (Carlson et al., 2006, 6). Children and families may become confused when health professionals use different names to describe the disorder. Bipolar disorder in children has been called pediatric mania, narrow/intermediate/broad phenotype, or prepubertal BP. Some even question if child onset bipolar disorder is the same disorder shown in…