Phenotype

[Article Review Summary] The study conducted by Ozonoff et al. (2014) was aimed to determine the prevalence of atypical development in accordance with the occurrence of the broader autism phenotype among the sibling of children with autism spectrum disorder. The study was also objectified to identify the age at which the atypical development can be observed while determining the developmental domains that are highly affected due to the prevalence…

Zebrafish embryos are suitable to use as a model system to perform chemical biology experiments effectively in educational sites. In this experiment, we studied the effect of caffeine on heartbeat rate and other phenotypes of zebrafish embryos using visual microscopy and simple imaging. A small drop for concentrations of caffeine in embryo medium caused an amount-dependent decrease in heartbeat rate in 2-3-day-old zebrafish embryos, finally resulting in complete heartbeat stop. We observed the…

A designer baby is a term for a human being who before birth underwent a biological screening process in a lab to determine that its chromosomes did not contain any genetic abnormalities and/or to evaluate for desirable biological phenotypes (BBC – Horizon, 2005). Moreover, the process is initiated when the mother undergoes fertility treatment to increase the eggs available for extraction which are then fertilized by the sperm of the father or elected suitor (BBC – Horizon, 2005). Subsequently,…

Mice are commonly used as a model for study of stress and anxiety-related disorders in human patients. Laboratory strains of mice, however, are highly inbred, reared in artificial environments, and do not experience the same selective pressures as wild populations, such as the ability to forage and to elude predators. As a result, biomedical experiments conducted on laboratory strains may not be reflective of processes occurring in naturally reared mouse populations, and indeed, may not be…

1. In your own words, define what is a mutation? Abnormal inherited or acquired permeant alteration in the sequences of the nucleotides of the deoxyribonucleic acid of an organism may or may not change organism phenotype, it occurs with a frequency of less than1% among a population. 2. Are mutations bad or good for you? Justify your answer in either case Mutations could be good, bad, or may have little or no effect. Beneficial mutations: Some mutations if they happen they have a positive…

regions in Iranian Wolfram syndrome pedigrees. They analyzed the WFS1 gene in 12 patients and their parents from 10 Iranian WS families. Their first aim was to investigate the spectrum of WFS1 in their population and to find a possible genotype-phenotype correlation for WS. Their secondary aim was to provide a possible predicative molecular genetic screening for WS families. The materials and methods consisted of a DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples. These were amplified using PCR in…

beak may be longer or shorter depending on how they can attain food in the location they reside. Natural selection has different branches to it; the one studied in this lab is called directional selection. Directional selection is when an extreme phenotype is favoured over other physical alleles (Reece). The directional selection that may be present within this study is if gall size determines if the larvae is dead or…

The textbook, Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology defines natural selection as “unequal survival and reproduction of organisms due to heritable differences in their phenotypes, with the result that better adapted phenotypes become more common in the population” (Audesirk, 2017). Our “predator” simulates nature’s meat-eating predators that catches and eats smaller species. The beans represent the prey, usually plant eaters; the variety of beans…

However, this is an important social issue that should receive more awareness because this means that there are less people procreating, which may lead to a smaller global population. In this paper I will be addressing who is affected by infertility, the causes as well as risks and treatments. Office of Women’s Health (OWH), (2012) states that according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), about 6 million women, ranging in age from 15-44 have difficulty conceiving. OWH states that both men…

take place in the broader context of different genetic traits and environmental influences (Neylon, 2012). Overgrowth syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders that lead to excessive tissue proliferation, which is characterized by a phenotype of excessive somatic and visceral growth. A myriad of syndromes are characterized by substantial localized or asymmetric tissue overgrowth, represented by Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Sotos syndrome, Proteus syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber…