Phenols

Turbidity: - Turbidity is a degree of water clarity. Turbidity is defined as an “expression of the optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines through the sample”. Nephelometers are used to measure the intensity of light scattered by contaminants present in water such as suspended and colloidal solids like clay, silt and microscopic organisms. Turbidimeters using the principle of nephelometer compare the light scattered due to…

A total of four microorganisms were isolated from the sample brought back from Mars. To identify the microorganisms which were isolated from the sample brought back from Mars, an rDNA sequence analysis was required. Every sequence had an S_ab score of 1.000 meaning the sequence is identical to the microorganism that it was matched to. Before gathering phenotypic results, we gathered phylogenetic data for the four microorganisms which includes Micrococcus luteus, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia…

Avocado is a very nutrient dense fruit, which is grown in warm climates and enjoyed by many people. It is a very versatile fruit, being used in dips, as a substitute for butter, or even made into pie. The versatility of avocado makes it easy to incorporate into a diet, and thus makes it easy to take advantage of the many health benefits of avocado. These benefits may include: maintenance of healthy cholesterol levels, reduced risk of cancer and eye disease, improved digestion, and many others…

Coffee or Tea Which is Better? Coffee and tea are currently the world’s most commonly used stimulants. Whereas the two are of different chemical structure and composition, they share a common chemical that is caffeine. Tea, for instance, contains caffeine and methylxanthenes such as theobromine and theophylline which are also human central nervous system stimulants. Tea is derived from a plant, Camellia sinensis, which was first grown in South East Asia and used as a beverage. It has over the…

What is a laccase? Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2, benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) are monomeric, dimeric or tetrameric glycoproteins that are typically extracellular and categorized as multi copper oxidases (Mate and Alcalde, 2016a).They catalyze the oxidation of compounds that are coupled with the four-electron reduction of "O" _"2" "to" "H" _"2" "O" . They are regarded as eco-friendly enzymes. Laccases have been first discovered in 1883, which makes it one of the oldest enzymes ever observed…

BI374 – Phys. App. Of Microbiology TA: Aaron Coristine Student Name: Shane Thorn Student ID: 161668950 January 30, 2017 Discussion Questions General 1. Ammonification is the microbial degradation of nitrogenous compounds resulting in ammonia. Nitrification is a process by which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite and then nitrite is oxidized to nitrate. Denitrification is a process by which nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide by denitrifiers. Nitrogen fixation is a process by…

The goal of this experiment was to identify as well as learn about an unknown species of bacteria along with learning some techniques when it comes to process of elimination in a scientific study. To do this, many different tests were completed to help rule out species that were provided on a sheet of paper listing the possible candidates for the unknown microbe. The Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology flow chart was also used to narrow down choices as tests were completed, along…

Background This experiment was performed to determine the identity of an unknown organic liquid using physical constants: physical state, color, and odor, the solubility classification: water soluble or insoluble, the results of characterization tests: Lucas test, 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine test, Bromine in Methylene Chloride test, and Ferric hydroxamate test, and analyses of spectral data: IR spectrum and HNMR . All testing samples were added to testing tubes for observation. Data was…

Introduction Acetone (dimethyl ketone, 2-propane, CH3COCH3), formulation weight 58,079, isthe simplest and the most important of the ketones. It is a colourless, mobile, flammableliquid with a mildly pungent and somewhat aromatic odour. It is miscible in all proportionswith water and with organic solvents such as ether, methanol, ethyl alcohol, and esters.Acetone is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose, as a carrier for acetyleneand as a raw material for the chemical…

Usually, vaccine includes such ingredients as aluminum hydroxide or phosphate which may cause CNS disease or mental decline; formaldehyde is a known carcinogen; thimerosal or mercury affects the kidneys and CNS; phenol may cause shock, weakness, convulsions, kidney damage, heart failure, and death; many viruses and bacteria , which simply cannot be removed from the vaccine, since they are made on the basis of biological material of animals (calf serum, chicken embryos…