Phase transition

There is a common saying that, in order to reduce the total amount of time you spend in sleeping, you must increase the quality of sleep (Postawski, 2011). Surprisingly, many people have limited knowledge and beliefs about what sleep is. Most of them do not pay attention as to how it affects health. However, sleep is needed just as the basic needs like food and water. The quality and quantity of sleep affect daily functioning and the general health of an individual. Therefore, any factor that…

Academic Success Proper time management and maintaining a healthy life-style are important factors in achieving academic excellence. The body needs to be at its best to perform better academically. Important ways of keeping a healthy life-style is to get the proper amount of sleep and obtaining a good diet. What you eat can have a positive or negative outcome on test scores, and how much you sleep can also have a positive or negative effect on test scores. Keeping your body healthy and having…

The Circadian clock which is the 24h day and night cycle is having an effect on the psychological activity of all organisms. These processes involve activities such as the wave pattern of the brain, melatonin, and other biological aspects. Melatonin is a hormone in the brain that helps our body to control the sleep and wake cycles. A small portion of it can be found in some certain food such as meat and fruits. Our internal “clock” in our bodies that controls the sleep and wake cycles can also…

Reflection: Writing this paper was very challenging yet interesting as the brain mechanism behind sleep and insomnia is very complex. In order to better this complex mechanism, we first need to understand the two processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle, the circadian rhythm controls alertness, wakefulness level and it is regulated by the internal biological or circadian clock. Indeed, the circadian clock controls how much melatonin the body makes. Melatonin is a hormone…

 Novel 3-Phase Single stage boost inverter: Analysis, Design and Experimentation M K Pathak, Member, Dogga Raveendhra and Aravind Panda Abstract— this paper introduces a novel type of 3-phase single stage dc-ac converter, which is controlled by sliding mode control, offers intrinsic step up abilities. Proposed inverter is designed with lesser number of solid state semiconductor switches and small passive elements. Sliding mode controller (robust controller) is designed to control this power…

change at various temperature ranging from 294K to 1073K. FePO4's A cation is a transition metal, thus it is not the same as other α-quartz isotopes. FePO4' has α-quartz structure which is tetrahedral when it is at a very low temperature. Under huge pressure, FePO4's structure goes through a phenomena called β-phase which it became a more condensed octahedral structure. Incoherence will be seen during the first order transition. The cell parameters and volume inflates greatly as temperature…

α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. Haines’ research paper studies the change that occurs in the FePO4 structure as it is studied from temperatures 294K to 1073K. A transition is noticed at 980K, when it’s tetrahedral α-quartz structure experiences high pressure levels, changing the structure to β-phase, a more dense octahedral structure. Cell parameters of FePO4 in α-phase increases in cell parameters and volume as temperature increases. However, the significant increase is not dependent linearly between…

by neutron powder diffraction. At relatively low temperatures, FePO4 adopts an α-quartz structure, which is tetrahedral. High pressures causes a phase change to a more dense octahedral structure, which is known as β-phase. The transition temperature is 980K. Cutoffs can be observed during the firstorder transition,. For α-phase, the increases in cell parameters with respect to increase in temperature show a non-linear trend. The thermal expansion coefficient a is…

temperatures, and was found to have 2 states in general, the α (alpha) phase and β ( beta ) phase. The alpha phase exhibits a tetrahedral structure, which is similar to alpha quartz, and this occurs during generally low temperatures. In the case of this paper, the temperatures experimented on were between 294K and 1073K. The beta phase, however, is denser and exhibits a octahedral structure. The transition between these 2 phases was found to have occurred at a temperature of 980K. When…

quartz, which is made up of 2 phases at different temperatures. At low temperature, FePO4 will demonstrate α phase till the transition temperature of 980K before demonstrating the β phase. Space group of α phase FePO4 is said to be P3121, thus suggesting it has a trigonal structure. As for β phase FePO4, the space group will be P6422, which suggests it has a hexagonal structure. The main reason behind this change is that during the transition period from α phase to β phase at 980K, the…