Pharmacology

OBJECTIVE #1 - The clinical manifestation of, and risk factors for, rhabdomyolysis • Rhabdomyolysis is a condition of skeletal muscle breakdown due to the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream, including myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, and electrolytes (DynaMed Plus, 2016). • The patient may experience systemic symptoms that may include fever, malaise, nausea, dyspepsia, emesis, muscle pain, weakness and swelling of injured muscles, tea-colored…

PHAR2220 – Human Pharmacology Riches to Rags - A Cinematic Insight into the Downfall of Valium What determines the success of a drug? The answer may seem obvious – if the drug works then it will be successful. It seems like a logical conclusion to make, and indeed this does play a key role in determining how popular a drug will be. But why are there some drugs, like diazepam, that still produce their intended effects but are no longer as successful in the marketplace? It seems that the answer…

When administered, sugammadex forms a water-soluble complex with aminosteroid non-depolarizing agents, thereby reversing NMB.22 Sugammadex has an affinity for aminosteroids as follows: rucoronium> vecuronium> pancuronium.1 Specifically, sugammadex is 2.5 times more selective for rocuronium than vecuronium.23 Sugammadex acts three to eight times faster than neostigmine to reverse a NMB.24 Due to its highly selective reversal of rocuronium-induced NMB, there is a new but growing interest in…

Any herbal product has the potential to be named as herbal Viagra and it can be advertised as treating erectile dysfunction. The name ‘ herbal Viagra ’ comes from the brand name Viagra which is manufactured by the drug company Pfizer. (Rzepa, H.S. , 1998). There are many analogues of sildenafil,tadalfil and vardenafil which are said to be adulterated in herbal viagra products. The first sildenafil analogue found in literature was homosildenafil ( M.H. Shin, M.K. Hong, W.S. Kim, Y.J. Lee, Y.C.…

Pursuing a career in pharmacy derives deeply from my self-interest in studying pharmacology, medicinal chemistry and to serve as a bridge for underrepresented Hmong communities. According to the 2010 US Census there are roughly 260,073 Hmong descent living in the United States. Many of these Hmong individual are war veterans or refugees elder who still rely deeply on eastern traditional medicine due to language barriers and lack of knowledge on western medicine. Many traditional eastern…

Rufinamide (Banzel) was designated as an orphan drug for use in the treatment of seizures that are caused by Lennox—Gastaut syndrome in patients older than four in 2004 by the FDA (Food and Drug Adminsitration).¬¬¬¬¬1 Lennox—Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a epileptic disease, commonly found in children, that is characterized a high rate of injury from seizures as well as a wide range of treatment-resistant seizures. In the past treatments were inadequate, leaving patients without much, but after the…

Certainly, prescriptions for life-threatening conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other serious conditions are now possible because of advances in pharmacology, and no one denies their usefulness. However, the same drug companies that manufacture life-sustaining therapies also flood the market with their brand-name drugs for more common ailments. This advertising has become so ubiquitous; many cannot…

of Chemistry describes this evolution through stages. Initially, knowledge of herbalism from the Chinese and Greeks laid the foundation for the growth of empirical knowledge in Europe and the Middle East. However, it wasn’t until the 1800s that pharmacology was founded when European scientists began to study the active ingredients in substances. This, coupled with organic chemistry (which began with the production of urea), really pushed the science towards its present form. Soon, companies like…

Marijuana is a misunderstood substance, and most people would never fully know the benefits of the naturally grown plant. The natural herb is considered to be the gateway drug of other abused substances, and the people of the United States considered it to be dangerous, but it can be the exact opposite. Marijuana could relieve pain, used to treat depression, and could also induce appetite. Should the herb be legalized? The highly potent substance could really change many people lives for the…

Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drug. A new emerging field which hold the combinational knowledge of pharmacology and genomics in order to provide not only safe and effective medication but also have the high degree of acceptance with the genetic make up of the patients. Current status of dose regimen followed ”one size fits all”. But is very tiresome job to predict these therapeutic responses in all the patient. Some times dominating negative side…