Pharmacology

Humans have been living, thriving, and replicating on earth for thousands of years. There has not always been the modern technology that is widely available as of today. With only the natural resources on earth and a few innovative people, generations were able to grow, succeed and advance up to the present times. Some people currently choose to believe that modern medicine is the only way to go. Well it is time to face the fact that modern is not always magnificent. Just because a doctor…

In the evaluation of serotonin toxicity or serotonin syndrome, the most commonly used and more recent criteria is the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria. In comparison to its predecessor, Sternbach’s criteria, Hunter’s Criteria is used due to its simplicity, sensitivity and specificity, and the use of well-defined clinical manifestations including clonus, tremor, and hyperthermia. This report describes a case of serotonin toxicity triggered by an increasing dose of tramadol with concurrent…

panic attacks, and psychosis. Therefore, long-term issue may include mental health, chronic cough, and respiratory issues. Even though, cannabis (marijuana) may cause health issues and risk factor for schizophrenia. The neurobiology and even the pharmacology of Cannabis (marijuana) includes effective strategies and treatment approaches. The neurobiological process through which the effects on psychosis transpired is not fully comprehensive. Basically, by examining neurobiological change…

Introduction Background: Atropine as an Alkaloid compound has been in use for ages since the times of the Roman Empire as it was used for local anesthesia. The compound was derived from common organic compounds like Tropane alkaloid that is synthesized by most solanacea family and also from berries of the plant Atropa belladonna. Comprehensive research on the compound Atropine was first carried out by German chemist Friedlueb Ferdinad Runge between 1795-1867, later German based pharmacist…

During my childhood I remember asking my grandma, why did she have so many and colorful pills by the night table? And she answered, “Because I am sick and dying my little girl and the doctor told me that I need to take them, so I can feel better”. I also remember hearing my aunt telling her that too many pills will not do any good for her health. Since, I was always wondering how could something that helps you get better can also be, at the same time, bad for your health. This confusion ignited…

Relevant Findings** Yes, according to Lexidrugs, the loss of memory and cognition along with difficulty urinating are both side effects caused by diphenhydramine. The mechanism of this drug is to compete with histamine at receptors throughout the body and will cause “anticholinergic and sedative effects.” The number one precaution of administering diphenhydramine is that it can cause CNS depression and prevent coherent cognitive function of the patient. The CNS depression effects could be the…

Working in the field of health care is the noblest vocation I can imagine, and that is the main reason I want to pursue a career in pharmacy. What can be better than devoting myself to the task of healing people and taking care of human life, the most important thing in the world? Pharmacist is one of the most wonderful and needed professions in the modern world that requires total devotion, responsibility, patience, and a lot of skills and knowledge. Everyone knows an expression "cures one…

From the internship, I expect to gain a lot of knowledge in the subjects like Pharmacology, Toxicology, Pharmaceutics and medicinal chemistry. This hands-on experience will help me retain more information, which I will use in later years of study. And this internship is the best way to evaluate what I have learned in school and what…

Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration. A number of phases occur once the drug enters into contact with the gastro intestinal wall, these are described using the acronym ADME, starting with the mechanisms of absorption, which is the process by which a substance enters the blood circulation. Distribution, where the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. ADME also…

Human healthcare is set on a path of a continued development evolving through drug discovery and innovation in medical technology. In spite of new molecules being discovered frequently, most of them fail to convert into a potential treatment. A small percentage of those that do, face the ever-increasing challenges of the healthcare systems, which further makes it difficult for them to reach the patients. In a developed nation with an evolved regulatory landscape like the United States, it is…