Pharmacology

RWE – For better accessibility of drug treatments Thinking Beyond the Clinical trials Though clinical trials are the gold standard measuring the safety and efficacy of drugs, to evaluate the cost-efficiency of a drug in a real-world environment and measure its impact on quality of healthcare, RCTs need to be supplemented or followed up with the comparatively new standard, called real-world evidence (RWE). Real world evidence has is entering every part of the drug product life cycle from…

1- Introduction Benzosuberone based compounds are important classes of biologically active compounds that attracted a great deal of interest in the medicinal chemistry due to their potent biological activities and wide range of pharmaceutical applications [1-6]. Several publications recorded that some of benzosuberone derivatives possess antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiulcer and antitumor activities [1-6]. As an indication for the importance of the benzosuberone based…

Throughout the article “The Hidden Harm of Antidepressants,” Diana Kwon, journalist for Scientific American, discusses the threats antidepressants pose for those who use it. Antidepressants are the “most commonly prescribed medications” in the medical world. While antidepressants have a wide variety of users, many are unaware of their risks. These risks include an increase in suicidal thoughts, as well as suicide, and an increase in aggressive behavior. The reason that most people are unaware of…

Abstract Objectives: The anticonvulsant effect of cannabinoid compound illustrated in various models of seizure and epilepsy. On the other hand, there are controversial findings about the role of large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Also, there is no data regarding the effect of co-administration of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor agonists and BK channels antagonists in the acute models of seizure in mice. In this study, the effects of…

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 6.1 SUMMARY The current study deals mainly with phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of traditionally used medicinal plant Enicostemma littorale Blume. A perusal of the literature revealed that only fragmental information was available on this plant species regarding cytoprotective potential and immunohistochemistry. In addition the exact molecular mechanism of action of this plant species active compound swertiamarin is unknown and remote. Hence this study…

1. Furosemide (Loop-diuretics) Indication: Furosemide is a loop-diuretic that is indicated for use when treating Hypertension, Hyperkalemia, and edema that is from kidney failure, congestive heart failure, or liver cirrhosis. MOA: Its mechanism of action is to interfere with the chloride-binding cotransport system and inhibits the reabsorption of chloride and sodium ions at the distal and proximal tubules, and the loop of Henle. This leads to the pharmocological effects of enhancing the…

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PHA 6557 Assignment #4 Case 1 1. Procardia XL is also known as nifedipine, which belongs to a class of drugs called calcium channel blockers that prevent the transmembrane influx of calcium into both cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The formulation of nifedipine is an extended release tablet that is designed to provide a constant level of drug over a 24-hour period. Within the class of calcium channel blockers, nifedipine belongs to the dihydropyridine variety. 2. Dihydropyridines…

1 Introduction Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid (Fig. 1), is isolated from many medicinal herbs, such as Coptidis rhizome (Coptis chinensis Franch.) and Cortex phellodendri (Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid.) (1). BBR has been used to treat microbial infection, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases due to its antibacterial, antidiarrheal and strong antidotal properties (2, 3). In recent years, much focus has been put on its other potential bioactivities, such as…

“Fluanxol”  Introduction : • History and background : - Fluanxol is a thioxanthene derivative which contains flupentixol as active substances. It belongs to group of medicines known as antidepressants drugs which act on nerve pathway in specific areas of the brain and help in correcting some chemical imbalances that cause the symptoms of this illness. - Its International Non-proprietary Name (INN) is flupentixol , but its British Approved Name (BAN) is flupenthixol and it is known in the market…