Pharmacokinetics

2- The fluctuations in plasma drug concentration are minimized and side effect associates with concentration are also minimized. 3- Complete absorption of drug from the floating formulation is expected even at alkaline pH of intestine. The dissolution occurs in gastric fluid and after emptying of the stomach contents the dissolved drug is available for absorption in small intestine. 4- Because of site‐specific absorption from the upper part of the GIT, Drugs that have poor bioavailability are…

Kaempferol is a natural polyphenol, secondary metabolite (flavonol), a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plant-derived foods. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276–278 °C. It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol acts as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress. Many studies suggest that consuming kaempferol may reduce the risk of various cancers, and it is currently under consideration as a possible…

However, the management of CF is evolving with new approaches to the gene therapy. Clinical pharmacists can play a significant role in managing CF patients and improving their overall health outcomes. This is mainly due to the fact that pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics can be altered among CF patients. Additionally, because of the special formulation and the multi dosage forms that can be used in CF, a great deal of evidence has evaluated the impact of clinical pharmacy…

Omeprazole, which is sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec among a few others, is a medication that is mainly used to cure gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease and other disorders like Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. It is also used for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk.[1] It is administered orally. Normal reactions incorporate sickness, regurgitating, cerebral pains, and expanded intestinal gas. Genuine symptoms may…

could be the predictable result of a nursing care, and avoid the unnecessary results. A competent and efficient nurse utilizes every available nursing knowledge to provide holistic care. In addition, the knowledge of anatomy and physiology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and many others, are very important for the caring nurse. Nowadays, evidence based practice (EBP) is the hallmark of every nursing practice as such, scientific research must be conducted and validated before it is used at…

1). A pharmacologist is different from a pharmacist because a pharmacologist has the in-depth knowledge of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs compared to the pharmacist (ASPET, n.d.). According to Browne (n.d.) pharmacologists “are employed in a variety of positions in academia, industry and government” (para. 1). I believe that if they work in a pharmaceutical company,…

Sublingual Mucosa Drug Delivery The sublingual route uses passive diffusion into the lipoidal membrane. It is more permeable than buccal, gingival, and palatal membrane because the sublingual membrane is thinner than other membranes. Also, it has more blood supply and less keratinized membrane. The absorption of the sublingual route is affected by many other factors: lipophilicity, solubility in saliva, pH, binding to the oral mucosa, and oil-to-water partition coefficient of drugs. Drugs that…

On February 18, 2006, 15 year old Jessica Ray attempted suicide, while just 23 days earlier, she had been prescribed the antidepressant Prozac without being warned of the increased risk of suicide in adolescents that Prozac can cause. Prozac was prescribed to Jessica Ray off-label, meaning it was used in a way that was not suggested on the drug label itself (Floyd v. U.S). Though pediatric clinical trials started in 1718 when smallpox was running wild all over Eurasia, not enough trials have…

Licensing and Certification Requirements Since national certification through a Board-recognized certifying body is a condition for APRN licensure, it may be required inquire to verify that the chosen advanced practice nursing program of interest meets accreditation standards. The Ohio Board of Nursing maintains education requirements in line with the national APRN Consensus Model. Advanced practice nursing programs must include the following core courses: advanced pathophysiology, advanced…

Ruth, This was a comprehensive and informative review of Herpes Zoster treatment. This can be a confusing and uncomfortable diagnosis for patients. The impact of herpes zoster on quality of life is undeniable and initiating treatment in addition to vaccination for this virus has a great impact on the patients’ daily life. One article reviewed how soon patients presented after symptoms and found some variation. The findings were variable with one third of the patients presenting within three…