Pharmacokinetics

In the evaluation of serotonin toxicity or serotonin syndrome, the most commonly used and more recent criteria is the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria. In comparison to its predecessor, Sternbach’s criteria, Hunter’s Criteria is used due to its simplicity, sensitivity and specificity, and the use of well-defined clinical manifestations including clonus, tremor, and hyperthermia. This report describes a case of serotonin toxicity triggered by an increasing dose of tramadol with concurrent…

Brahmankar D M, Jaiswal S B, (Feb-5 2009). Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics. 2nd edition, page no.315-363 Ref...9. B. Clinical Response: Clinical trials in humans establish safety and effectiveness of drug products and may be used to determine bioavailability. However, clinical trials approach is the least accurate…

Name: Rawaa Ali Fadhel ID: 201510493 Echinocandins and Flucytosine as Antifungal agents.  Echinocandins Echinocandins are the first class of antifungals which target the fungal cell wall, also was a significant achievement in antifungal chemotherapy. Echinocandins discovered during the search for new antibiotics, as fermentation metabolites with antifungal activity. Three semi-synthetic echinocandin derivatives have been developed for clinical use: • caspofungin, • micafungin, •…

The purpose of this study was to test whether carvedilol improves hepatic function and to determine the changes in carvedilol pharmacokinetics in the setting of liver fibrosis. Various tests were completed in rats to measure hepatic blood flow, as well as synthetic and metabolic capacity. Three of the four main components of PK were described in the introduction of the paper. Oral absorption of carvedilol is both rapid and complete. Extensive metabolism occurs in the liver. Elimination of the…

Discovery of Ginkgo Biloba Ginkgo biloba or the Maidenhair Tree is a totally unique tree. It is the only surviving member of the Ginkgoaceae family and has no living relatives, making it to be completely isolated from the rest of the Plant Kingdom. To get a true sense of how isolated Ginkgo biloba is, this quote from http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/ginkgo-biloba sums up its situation quite well, “Ginkgo biloba is the only member of its genus, which is the only genus in its…

dose. A subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial (7) which included patients with CrCl 30-49 mL/min demonstrated a lower risk of stroke/systemic embolism and a similar risk of major bleeding with dabigatran in comparison to warfarin (8). Based on a pharmacokinetic modeling, FDA but not EMA approved a lower dose of dabigatran 75 mg BID in patients with CrCl 15-30 ml/mL (9, 10).…

Cancer is a disease affecting the world and the rise in treatments with drugs is just one way of delaying the process of the disease as well as improving the quality of life for the patient. Henceforth Amsacrine is one to watch out for due to its specific mode of action. Reference. Amsacrine has an acridine chromophore with an amine at the 9 position (fig 1.) used in the treatment of some types of lymphoma or acute adult leukaemia [5]. It can also be known as Amsidine or m-AMSA [1]. Lymphoma…

potentiate or attenuate the hypoglycemic action of nateglinide.When these drugs are administered to or withdrawn from patients receiving nateglinide , the patient should be observed closely for changes in glycemic control. DRUG/FOOD INTERACTION The pharmacokinetics of nateglinide were not affected by the composition of a meal (high protein, fat, or carbohydrate). However, peak plasma levels were significantly reduced when Starlix was administered 10 minutes prior to a liquid meal. Nateglinide…

drugs will be metabolized in a Patient’s body. Therefore, Ms. Jones is likely to metabolize drugs slower than Mr. Smith. An explanation of how these factors impact the pharmacokinetics of the drug (half-life, dosage, route of administration, and elimination of the drug) The above-discussed factors highly determine the pharmacokinetics of the drugs to a patient. For instance, the age of an individual patient will determine the dosage one is given by the doctor. The metabolic rate of an old person…

The pharmacokinetics of morphine and codeine in human plasma and urine after oral administration of a papaveris pericarpium containing traditional Chinese medicine The opiate morphine (MOR) and codeine (COD) are found in natural poppy products of papaveris pericarpium, which is the principal active component in many traditional Chinese medicines for treating cough. Despite its long history of use, little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of papaveris pericarpium, which are important…