Pharmacokinetics

United State in 1992. Just two years after its discovery in 1994 the sale of amlodipine achieved a plateau of 2,000,000 new prescriptions per year (Davies et al, 2005). 2. The slow rate of elimination (eliminate half-life of 40-60 h) give a few pharmacokinetic attributes that are not seen with other calcium-antagonist drugs. Alteration of plasma drug concentration between doses is between 20 and 25% when once-daily dosing is used. Onset of effect is gradual after oral administration which is…

Introduction: According to Drugs.com, “Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body.” This includes conditions such as headaches, painful menstrual periods, toothaches, back pain, dental pain, migraines, arthritis and any minor injuries. Ibuprofen is also used to treat and reduce fever as well and is typically administered to individuals, both adults and children ages 6 months and older. Ibuprofen has been…

It’s interesting to see the progression of weapons from the early beginnings to now. Most people believe that chemical warfare agents were first introduced during the World Wars. Interestingly enough, the concepts of these agents were developed as early as 600 B.C. They weren’t known as chemical warfare agents however; the techniques that were used mimic the action of these agents that are being used today. During the Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens, the Spartan army used a mixture…

AHHHH CHOO-DOEPHEDRINE Although, originally defined as the chemistry of biological structures, organic chemistry has since been redefined to refer specifically to organic (carbon based) molecules. The hydrocarbon is the very basic molecule of organic chemistry and by adding functional groups to the hydrocarbon we can manipulate the properties of the molecule. Through the manipulation of these organic compounds, organic chemistry can be used to chemically synthesise many products such as soaps,…

Let it Blow Respiratory Case Study Elijah Stevens is 74 year old male with a history of COPD. He is admitted to the hospital for an exacerbation of his COPD. He continues to smoke cigarettes (reports one pack a day). His current medications include theophylline, albuterol inhaler, beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler and a chewable aspirin 81 mg once a day. His lung sounds are diminished bilaterally. Pulse oximetry reading is 90%. He is receiving oxygen at 2 liters per nasal cannula. He…

One of the most significant discussions taking place in the field of psychiatry is the integration of the holistic approach in treating mental illness. The reason this method is gaining popularity is due to the adverse side-effects that people tend to experience while taking psychoactive drugs. As a result, society has begun to vilify and question the standard use of these medications and have now opened a window of opportunity to consider a different form of treatment relating to one’s mental…

Gastroretentive System of Metformin: Approaches to Effervescent Tablet Sudhanshu K Chakravati1, Javed Khan Pathan1, Sapna Malviya1, Anil Kharia1 Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore (MP) ABSTRACT Effervescent tablet generally contains in addition to active ingredients, mixture of acids/acid salts (Citric, Tartaric, Malic acid or any other suitable acid or acid anhydride) and carbonate and hydrogen carbonates (Sodium, Potassium or any other suitable alkali metal carbonate or…

I. INTRODUCTION  Off Label Prescription The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plays a key role in protecting the public health by ensuring the safety and efficacy of foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Before a prescription drug comes into the market, it must go through a series of rigorous clinical trials. Once a drug has been approved for some indication, the FDA has almost no legal control over how that drug is actually prescribed1. This is because the FDA has no legal authority…

INTRODUCTION Chronotherapy is the administration of drug or treatment according to the circadian rhythm of body that give maximum therapeutic effect and minimum adverse effects. Circadian rhythm control the biochemical process and functions of the body and environmental factors such as light, temperature, food intake can influence the circadian rhythm[1]. The pathological state of the disease condition have an observed rhythm for almost all diseases like asthma, cancer , hypertension etc. This…

Pollution is one of the most serious problems that affect our environment, and its effects on all life aspects are clear to everyone. Because of this, pollution is one of the most serious issues that all the word countries are concerned about. As time goes, the pollution problem increases and also the population growth increase. The increase in demand for water and food supplies place an increasing stress on the ground and surface water quality and quantity. One of the environmental problems…