Pharmacokinetics

27 October 2015. Bartholomew, EF, Martinin, FH, Nath, JL (2012). Fundementals of Anatomy & Physioloy, 10th edition, global edition. Pearson, San Francisco, United States of America. (p.661, 999-1037) Gibaldi, M. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 3rd Edition. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1984,…

Introduction: Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world. It has antioxidant and insecticide properties that can affect metabolism and cognition. Men and women aged 35 to 64 years are among the highest consumers of caffeine. Major sources of caffeine were coffee (71%), soft drinks (16%), and tea (12%). Coffee was the major source of caffeine in the diets of adults, whereas soft drinks were the primary source for children and teens [2].…

sniffing position, head elevated by a ramp under shoulders, and O2 was given by a nasal catheter at 4 l/min. Remifentanil administered by target-controlled infusions (TCI) (OrchestraⓇ Base Primea, Fresenius Kabi, Brezins, France) with the Minto pharmacokinetic model 12 that adjusts for age, weight, and sex. Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) 13 was used to assess the level of patient sedation. The target RSS was a score of 3 (responsive to commands only). The primary target concentration of…

Know One Drug Erin Wu I chose losartan. For your molecule: Note the primary indication, and a secondary indication (even if off label) The primary indication is hypertension. It is also used for diabetic neuropathy and hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. Note and be able to draw the pharmacophore that appears to be responsible for activity. Losartan1 valsartan2 The molecule on the left is losartan and the…

4.2.11. Pharmacokinetic parameters: Pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax , AUC0-t , AUC0- α , Tmax , t1/2 , Kel and AUC_% Extrapolation Observations will be estimated for Mycophenolate mofetil and its active metabolite Mycophenolic acid (MPA) by using Phoenix WinNonlin…

Rang, Ritter, Flower, and Henderson (2016 p. 1) defined pharmacology as “the study of the effects of drug on the function of living systems, with its foundations built in physiology, pathology, and chemistry.” There has been a tremendous metamorphosis of pharmacological science from herbal remedies in the olden days to synthetic medicines due to advancement in technology. As science is continuously changing, so is pharmacological science. In fact, pharmacology today involves biotechnology,…

- The pharmacy has both print and electronic reference sources; also have Pharmacopoeia and Pharmacokinetics. How is this site different and similar to other sites that you may have already visited/worked in? - I have worked in a retail pharmacy and compared to it, the hospital pharmacy setting is very different. I did not see a Medication Cart…

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol is a part of New Zealand culture and is considered as an inevitable factor for celebrations and for relieving stress (“Alcohol misuse”, 2016). Long-term high rate of alcohol consumption can lead to alcohol misuse and make people dependent on alcohol. It has now become a very common thing to see an alcoholic patient presenting to the hospital frequently to treat the withdrawal symptoms. Most of the patients admitted with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) have multiple…

Summary: Neurodegeneration is a collective term characterized by structural and functional loss of neurons which is a gradual and progressive process. Various neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, etc. have been described by many biomarkers that are unusual in comparison to their baseline levels in the brain regions. Out of all the diseases, Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevailing disease in older patients with an average age greater…

adjustment in hepatic and renal failure( lexi-drugs). Acording to Bikash et all., the elimination half-life starts to decrease from birth and reaches the adult values at 60 weeks' post-conception age. Since there is limited data regarding the pharmacokinetics of caffeine administration in neonates with hepatic or renal impairment, caffeine should be administered with caution in this group of patients, so toxic levels are avoided. According to Bikash Shrestha and Gaurav Jawa et all, in preterm…