PH indicator

optimum pH level of Catalase is at the neutral pH of 7 with an increase in enzyme activity from pH 2 to pH 7 and a decrease of activity from pH 7 to pH 12. Hence, demonstrating a bell shaped curve (similar to theoretical data – See Background Information for reference) which can be seen as an effect of the specific pH on the catalase enzyme. This identified trend can also be supported by the raw data values of the control test tubes as it demonstrated that the hydrogen peroxide and the pH buffer…

Ocean Acidification, a process where the pH of ocean decreases as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) concentration increases in the water from the atmosphere. Since industrial revolution, the concentration of CO2 has dramatically increased in our atmosphere due to the burnings of fossil fuels, deforestations, and many more actions that humans take to make our lives luxurious. About 30% of CO2 from the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans, making marine life’s survival uncertain. It has huge impact in the…

The following is a lesson sequence which modified the above experiment to promote inquiry based learning process. The aim of the experiment: Students use the change in the colour of red cabbage indicator to classify substances as either acid or base. Note: This activity may take more than one lessons. On the first lesson, students group, discuss and prepare their experiment. On the second lesson, students will have opportunities to carry out the investigation, then record, process, and evaluate…

was to see how enzyme activity would change as there was a change in temperature and pH. Both temperature and pH were hypothesized to have an affect on enzyme activity. Each had an optimal temperature. At this point, the rate of enzyme activity would stop increasing and begin to decrease. For temperature, it was hypothesized that the optimal temperature would be 48°C. For pH, it was hypothesized that the optimal pH would be 7. As temperature was increased, the enzyme activity also increased.…

Determining the Chemical Formula of Hydrated Copper (Ⅱ) Sulfate Using the Empirical Formula Introduction In this experiment, the molecular formula of hydrated Copper (Ⅱ) Sulfate will be determined. In order to determine the molecular formula, the empirical formula is needed which is the ratio of moles of one substance to another. In this experiment, it is the ratio of Copper (Ⅱ) Sulfate to water. CuSO₄・XH₂O The empirical formula can be determined if the moles of the compared substances…

compound with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) produced no visible reaction (precipitate), although the pH of the resulting solution was very acidic. Combining the unknown compound with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, also had no visible reaction. However, the resulting solution was a lot more basic. Reacting the unknown compound with sodium nitrate (NaNO3), a salt, did not have a visible reaction nor did the pH of the resulting solution change. The last reaction involved the unknown compound and…

We first evaluated whether Honokiol treatment was toxic to the APP-CHO cell line. Cells were treated with various concentrations of Honokiol (0.5 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM) for 24 h and cell survival was determined by Prestoblue® assay (Fig.1A). As shown in Fig.1A, when exposed to Honokiol concentrations of 10 μM or lower, the viability of APP-CHO cells was the same as untreated control cells. However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed with 20 μM Honokiol…

having a problem with pH levels and they are dying some places around the world right now, because of it. This is not only affecting the coral reefs, but the animals that live in them and survive with them. There is a Scientific Study called “Study links altered brain chemistry, behavioral impairments in fish exposed to elevated CO2” which discusses the behavior and neurological impairments of coral reef fish due to more CO2 and acidic levels of pH. More CO2 causes lower levels of pH and makes…

Introduction Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts. Enzymes are a key part of many biological processes because they are capable of lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction. By lowering the activation energy enzymes are able to speed up reactions allowing for multiple chemical processes to occur at a faster rate in many living organisms. Enzymes work by binding to specific molecules called substrates. The enzyme observed in this experiment was amylase and its…

dioxide dissolves into sea water the pH levels of the water become much lower, therefore, making the water more acidic. Subsequently, this reaction diminishes the calcium carbonate minerals making them less abundant. Carbonate ions are the building blocks for the shells and skeletons of many marine organisms such as corals, mussels, and oysters. The average ocean pH is about 8.1 this level has already fallen from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution by 0.1 pH unit.…