PH indicator

ocean intrigues me. I have never been one for loving ocean creatures, but I do enjoy learning about the world below us. I found several facts interesting as I read the articles including: how osmosis and salinity functions, how seawater cells move, how pH affects the ocean, how decomposition works in the environment, how upwelling stirs up nutrients, and how water temperature affects organisms. One of the interesting facts discusses why osmosis and salinity impact marine organisms. Osmosis…

Normal pH within the blood can range between 7.35 and 7.45 arterial and venous is 7.32 thru 7.42. Normal HCO3 for arterial is 22 thru 26 mEq/liter and venous is 19 to 25 mEq/liter with PCO2 normal for arterial 35 thru 45 mm Hg and venous 38 thru 52 mm Hg. Normal PO2 is 80 to 100mm Hg for arterial and venous is 28 thru 48 mm Hg. Acidosis can affect the central nervous system within the body and left untreated can lead to death. Alkalosis affects the central nervous system which can cause muscle…

Most aquarists that have an irregular pH would rather use a natural means of balancing the pH of salt water because of the beneficial effects on, not only the overall water chemistry, but the non-lethal effects on the waters inhabitants. A very common pH balancer is crushed coral, which is a chemical mixture of solid aragonite. Aragonite is a polymorph of calcium carbonate, and a natural pH buffer. Crushed coral could quite possibly be the solution for reversing…

effect of changing the pH of the soil on the germination and growth of mustard peas? Hypothesis: The greatest number of peas will germinate and will grow the most when the pH is 5 or 7. Theory: Enzymes play a vital role in the cells of plants (especially when growing) and enzymes work best when at their optimum pH value. Moreover, all chemical reactions have an optimum pH at which they work best (Howard and Loomis, no date). Generally the enzymes in plants work best at a pH of around 5-7.…

productivity, such as pH and substrate concentration. Every enzyme has a different “optimum pH value” (Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity). If the pH that the enzyme is working in is at this optimum pH value, it will work at its optimum speed. If not,…

are typically measured as the amount of products produced per unit of time for a single given concentration3. Enzyme kinetics can be affected by the concentration of the substrate, the presence of inhibitors, as well as changes in temperature, and in pH. A substrate is known as the substance that is catalyzed by an enzyme2. An increase in substrate concentration leads to an increase in product formation due to a greater amount…

usually be defined by your senses. For example, edible acids usually have a sour taste(4). Bases are more bitter-tasting and unstable(4). But, your senses are not the only ways you could detect acids. Sometimes you have to use measurements like the pH scale to detect if a substance is a acid or a base. Since, acids and bases surround us, it is important know information about them and how to detect them. Before we start measuring acid we have to know what they are. “The word acid comes from…

Temperature is one of the water characteristic or more precisely one of the physical water parameters. Water temperature affects almost all other water quality parameters. It plays a key role in aquatic life and habitations. Thus, the fluctuation of temperature controls what aquatic kind will live and bloom in the water body. Water temperature can also affect “the metabolic rates and biological activity of aquatic organisms”. Therefore metabolic rates of aquatic organisms is directly…

affected by pH; the carboxyl groups have poor reactivity to EDC/NHS at pH <4.5, and NHS-esters are more susceptible to hydrolysis at alkaline pH values [18,19,20,41]. The amidation reaction of NHS-ester with amino groups is known to be most efficient at the pH values between 6 and 8; amino groups exhibit poor nucleophilicity to NHS-ester at low pH because of the formation of protonated amino groups, but amino groups have strong nucleophilicity, whereas NHS esters are unstable at high pH…

Part A: Background Information Acids and bases are very common in today’s society, and they can be found in most households. Acids can be found as by-products of air pollution, concrete cleaner, food flavouring and is produced by the muscle. Bases are found in most cleaning products as ammonia or sodium hydroxide, and they also treat indigestion. There are many ways that acids and bases can be defined by their chemical properties. The Bronsted-Lowry definition states that acids are proton…