Peroxisome

Case Study 1 – Medication errors and strategies for prevention 1A) Factors that can contribute to medication errors may include lack of knowledge, non-adherence or neglect of proper medication protocol and human error due to tiredness and fatigue. According to recent research, inadequate knowledge in pharmacology such as administration routes and dosage calculations was one of the most important reasons for the occurrence of medication errors (Shahrokhi, Ebrahimpour & Ghodousi, 2013). A…

Analyze the anatomical structure of ten different organelles in the cell and their respective functions. Chloroplast: Its main function is photosynthesis trapping energy from the sun and producing sugar from carbon dioxide. Its structure is made up of a double membrane system. They are known as the outer and inner membranes. The inner membrane surrounds the stroma and grana other words known as stacks of thylakoids (NCBI, 2016). Endoplasmic reticulum: Its main function is translation and…

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the various chemical reactions that happen inside our cells. For the enzymes to function well, they need to be in an environment with a specific set of conditions, other than that it will lead to the denaturation of the enzyme or will render it completely inactive. There are a lot of factors that impact enzyme activities, but in this experiment we examined the effects of 4 different factors which are temperature, Ph level, addition of the inhibitor…

Does pH affect yeasts’ respiration? Abstract We studied the effects of pH on CO2 output as a factor of growth rate. Acme Brewing and Baking Company is conducting several experiments to determine the ideal conditions for fermentation and bread production. As part of their research team we chose to study pH effecting growth. We predicted that the yeast would reproduce faster in acidic environments, but the data we found did not support this prediction. Introduction Acme Brewing and Baking…

Protein-protein interaction can be defined as the interactions between different protein molecules within the cellular organization leading to formation of large protein complex which is modulated by non-covalent interactions such as hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond, van der Waals interactions etc. Protein-protein interaction plays an important role in functioning of body’s significant mechanism such as replication, transcription, translation, signal transduction, cell cycle, etc. Thus,…

Figure 5. Rosiglitazone (highlighted in green) forms three salt bridges with neighboring atoms at the hydrophilic end of the LBD. Rosiglitazone binding to PPARγ causes a conformational change within the complex that causes the dissociation of the endogenous ligand and the recruitment of a nuclear receptor coactivator 2, NCoA-2. This similarly occurs in the other half of the complex: RXRα Receptor A type II nuclear receptor as well, RXR-α heterodimerizes with PPARγ. The ligand that…

Nephrotoxicity is associate adverse effect of the anticancer drugs for solid and hematologic malignancies (Kintzel, 2001). Cisplatin, cisplatinum or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) , a platinum-based drug, is one of the most frequently used anti-neoplastic agents. It has a potent anti-tumor action against wide range of malignancies, including testicular, ovarian, cervical, bladder and lung cancers as well as solid tumors resistant to other treatment regimens (Hanigan and Devarajan, 2003).…

They are made within the nucleolus from 60% RNA and 40% protein, and consist of two subunits, one large and one small. When produced, the subunits stay separate to exit through the nuclear pores: it is only because of their miniscule size that they can fit through. Many ribosomes then bind themselves to the RER, although some stay free in the cytoplasm. Free and bound ribosomes both create polypeptide chains, which are used to make proteins. To create a polypeptide chain the large and small…

Mitochondrial Origin and Endosymbiosis Numerous biological processes depend on the generation and recycling of ATP to maintain homeostasis and carry out vital roles within a cell. Without mitochondria, the generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation would not occur. Cellular energy metabolism generates the most ATP within the mitochondria and during oxidative phosphorylation. Comparison of the different endosymbiosis theories, evolutionary time frames, mechanisms, and genetic testing can…

General Introduction Dietary lipids: Dietary lipids consist of a broad group of compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Their density is lower than water and consistency varies from liquids to solids at normal room temperature, depending on their structure and function. They are also referred as ‘Oils’ which are liquid and ‘fats’ which are solid at room temperature. Lipids are the important constituents of diet due to their higher energy value. One gram of lipid…