Peripheral nervous system

mitochondria of every neuron. There are billions of neurons found in the nervous tissue, these neurons vary in size and are sensitive…

Abstract The nervous system is a vital part of our body. Without the nervous system our body would have no control over it functions and how to perform properly. Each component must work together to achieve each task no matter how big or small the task is. Just think about it for a second, the smallest movement requires the use of muscles, bones, and neurons which pass information to the central nervous system of the brain. In writing this paper, I will discuss the role of the nervous system,…

Importance of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors as a Drug Target Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found in humans’ central nervous system and play a major role in the peripheral nervous system, including acting as a neuronal communication channel; available at the skeleton muscle and receives acetylcholine purposely released to transmission for contraction of muscles. Additionally, they are responsible for the conversion of neurotransmitter bindings into electronic depolarization. Here, the…

The human body performs many complex processes on a daily basis it is a machine working overtime to make sure our bodies can function effortlessly and maintain homeostasis. Any disruption in the body and the body is ready to respond performing many complicated procedures to bring the human body back into balance. For example, if a person steps on a thumb tack many people would think that all that occurs is that the person feels pain and the individual jerks their leg in response due to that pain…

My first topic on Spinal muscular atrophy affects 1 in 6,000 to 1 in 10,000 people. In 1898, described for the first time the classic infantile form of SMA. In this essay I will be discussing spinal muscular atrophy and its characteristics. I will discuss signs and symptoms as well as some treatments for the disorder. Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder that affects the control of muscle movement. It is caused by a loss of specialized nerve cells, called motor neurons, in the spinal…

All Pain Occurs in the Brain Pain is the body’s way of warning you about an injury that needs to be taken care of. With chronic pain, pain persists long after the injury has healed. Pain signals keep firing in the nervous system for weeks, months, even years. The experience of pain involves multiple interactive neural pathways that influence pain signals at several levels at once: Pain pathways become stimulated by painful stimuli and, with repeated stimulation, these pathways can become…

Polyneuropathy commonly arises from diabetes, autoimmune diseases, toxins, and nutritional deficiency to secondary alcoholism. The pathophysiology’s associated with polyneuropathy are symmetrical involvement of multiple nerve fibers, which results in stocking/glove distribution of sensation. In addition, demyelination of distal part long axons because of the increase in myelin. Moreover, degeneration of the distal part of long axon because inadequate axonal transport to distal ends of axons.…

One of the major channels of the spinal cord is the spinothalamic tract; a sensory pathway. It conveys nerve impulses for sensing pain, warmth, coolness, itching, tickling, deep pressure, and crude touch. (Tortora, 2014-01-22, p. 461). Based on that description and as the name implies, information will travel from the region of stimulation on the skin to the CNS, ultimately landing at its destination at the thalamus; thus, making it an ascending pathway. This pathway is further divided into…

Introduction Also known as the second cranial nerve, or CN II, the optic nerve is the second of twelve cranial nerves. Although located at the back of the eye, the optic nerve is considered a part of the central nervous system due to its role in visual integration and function. The optic nerve transfers visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses. Made of about 1.7 million retinal ganglion cell axons, or nerve cells, the optic nerve encompasses…

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a set of musculoskeletal disorders associated with the masticatory system and a number of symptoms. Pain is the most common symptom usually concentrated in masticatory muscles and/or temporomandibular joints (TMJs), but exacerbated by mandibular movement and stomatognathic functions. TMD seems to be of multifactorial etiology, including parafunctional habits, bruxism, deleterious body posture, occlusal features, growth abnormalities, trauma, overload…