Penicillin

The advancement of a modern health care system over the last century, from breakthroughs in sanitation to anaesthesia development, have been among the world’s most impressive accomplishments. According to Michaud, Murray and Bloom (2001), the worldwide life expectancy has increased more in the past one hundred years than any other time in recorded history. This gain was greatest in developed nations, and a significant portion of it can be attributed to developments in public health. Michaud et…

Alexander Fleming “discovered the existence penicillin through a combination of perceptiveness and luck” (Krogh, 2011, p. 398). While he was growing bacteria in a petri dish, he notices the appearance of a type of fungus. The contamination caught the attention of Fleming. He realizes that he had found a substance that had the power to kill bacteria. Fleming continued to grow more fungal mold and tested it on different kind of bacteria. Additionally, he tested it on healthy mice in which he…

There are three common ethical concerns expressed regarding the quality of animal lives during animal testing. Animals should lead natural lives through the use of their natural adaptations and capabilities, should function well in terms of health and behavior , and should feel well and be free of pain and fear. Most scientists have “restricted conceptions of animal welfare that relate to only one concern”(Drummond) . We protect animals due to genetic conservation, environmental integrity ,…

One might argue the Second World War was the greatest and most horrific war in the history of this world and a major impact to modern everyday life. It was the most international and fatal war in history with many detrimental causes to many countries. Thus, proving how crucial it is to know about specific historical events in history and to apply past mistakes to future decisions. Leon Trotsky says, “You may not be interested in war, but war is interested in you.” This quote signifies the…

Mononucleosis Overview: The mononucleosis or glandular fever is an infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is characterized by sore throat, swollen glands and fatigue, which can last for weeks. It affects more adolescents and young adults and produces lifelong immunity against the virus. The integrated medicine addresses this disease with measures to combat the symptoms, with a nutritious diet to support the immune system, with massage and homeopathic remedies. Causes:…

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia where an individual has either a lack of red blood cell or dysfunctional blood cell, resulting in a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the cells. Normally, a red blood cell would be round, flexible, and flat in the center to allow easy passage in the blood vessels. However, the individual with sickle cell anemia will have cells that are rigid, sticky, and shaped like a crescent or sickle which is where the name comes from. Because of its unique…

Uganda. There is a scene in where Amin hears of his advisor meeting at a bar with a white guy and he finds that suspicious. The advisor goes missing a couple of days later, but what the advisor was really doing was working out an agreement to bring penicillin to the country to help out the sick. This showed how mad and paranoid Amin was by killing a person that was actually trying to do…

Synthesis of PEG-RAFT agent The synthesis of the macro PEG -RAFT agent, Chain Transfer Agent (CTA), was performed by esterification method. Briefly, RAFT agent (0.4 g, 1.5 mmol) and dihydroxyl PEG (2g, 0.5 mmol) were dissolved in 35 mL of DCM in a 250 mL round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. Then, it was placed in an ice bath (0 ºC); Next, DCC (0.25 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.015 g, 0.12 mmol) were added. After 30 min of stirring at 0 °C, the reaction temperature is elevated to room…

of bacteria is known, antibiotics will be used to treat the disease and reduce the risk of death. Antibiotics may be used alone, or in conjunction with other medications. Penicillin and cefotaxime are two of the antibiotics most frequently used to treat meningitis. Some bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to penicillin; therefore this would be an example of using medicine combinations. The use of steroids is also a possibility for treatment, but is less often used. There can be a great…

Choice “C” is the best answer. It is important to administer a luminal amebicidal agent to eradicate the intestinal carriage after the amebic liver abscess has been treated with tissue amebicides, such as albendazole. Failure to use luminal agents can lead to relapse of infection in approximately 10% of patients. Luminal agents with proven efficacy include diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, and paromomycin. Diloxanide furoate is free of major adverse effects. The most common adverse effect is…