Pathogen

Introduction The human microbiota is a combination of many different microorganisms, many of which are bacteria. The microorganisms in the human microbiota are referred to as commensal flora. There are an estimated 100 trillion good bacteria in the human body.[7] Most of which are found in the gastro-intestinal tract although they also reside in the skin, the saliva and the mucosa. These bacteria are diverse; there are estimated to be >1000 species in the human gut alone.[7] Bacteria that…

Preventive care is the most important treatment that pediatrics resorts to and the most important way of doing so is IMMUNIZATION. Ever since immunization was introduced as a method of preventive treatment it has reduced the child mortality rate to minimum. Smallpox is globally eradicated and polio and diphtheria is almost nonexistent in North America. Vaccination and immunization has saved lives of millions of children in the third world countries. Immunization is important for children because…

The Book yesterdays kin, is an action filled book where the main character, Marianne a biologist professor at a small college in up state new york is forced into a high pressure research situation where she is lead to believe the fate of human life on earth at stake. She among other leading scientist are informed by the Aliens that a spore cloud is coming to earth with a virus that will kill the entire human race. The book starts with her indifference to the aliens who have landed in New York,…

protection that a women’s body produces. The mucus is secreted or discharged during different parts of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. The mucus is secreted from the cervix to protect the reproductive organs from opportunistic pathogens and invading bacteria and/or pathogens. Additionally, when ovulation has occurred, the mucus evolves and acts as a safe passage way for sperm to travel. This is why many women experience an increase in mucus…

Introduction: Amongst the Listeria species, only Listeria monocytogenes is considered to be a significant human and animal pathogen, and is distinguished by its ability to cause hemolytic activity, which is usually tested with conventional sheep blood agar plates (Perrin and others 2003). This indicates a risk where they are present in food products, and are more prevalent in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products. Being ubiquitous in the environment and in food, Listeria innocua is…

Section 1: Tests used to identify unknown pathogen Mario F. Pedero a 30-year-old male visited his physician complaining of painful bumps and soars on his leg. The patient was diagnosed with HIV + 5 years ago. Due to his diagnosis, cutaneous disorders may manifest from the condition itself, or it can lead to opportunistic infections or infections that are more extensive than normal. The patient was sent to the emergency room were the physical examination revealed skin redness, papule lesions, and…

that a biological agent that is weaponized by a terrorist or group of terrorists most likely has been modified in order to increase the damage of these already lethal pathogens and cause more chaos. There are multiple ways of using a biological agent like anthrax as a tool of damaging people and environments. Some of the pathogens, which are already quite dangerous, stated earlier could be cultured and mixed with talc, and then…

Y. pestis is a nonmotile, gram-negative, nonsporulating, rod-shaped coccobacillus and a facultative anaerobe. Infamous for being the causative agent in plague, has been implicated in at least three devastating pandemics in modern history. The second plague pandemic includes the Black Death epidemic which caused the deaths of a third of the estimated European population in the fourteenth century (Haensch et al, 2010). More than five hundred years after the Black Death, during the third plague…

The CDC (2013) has recommended four core actions to halt the progression of antibiotic resistance: prevention of infection, the development of new drugs, tracking resistant pathogens and encouraging antibiotic stewardship. Preventing infection is a simple first level of defense against this problem. If an individual does not fall ill in the first place, then there is no need for antibiotics. This halts the cyclic progression…

cellular functions. 7. How is the structure of a lysosome related to its function? Lysosomes are membranous sacs that contain digestive enzymes also known as hydrolytic enzymes. This allows it to breakdown macromolecules, damaged organelles, and pathogens inside the cell. Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing other organisms or particles with digestive enzymes. Autophygy is when the lysosome recycle cell materials that are damaged. A key note is that the lysosome has to fuse to a vacuole…